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With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Portable, low-field MRI of the brain may facilitate assessment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors present and validate an end-to-end pipeline to quantify brain morphometry using LF-MRI in patients with dementia.

Nanoscale magnetic imaging based on single defects in diamond is extended to cryogenic temperatures and is used to study vortices in the iron pnictide superconductor BaFe₂(As_0.7P_0.3)₂.

Rapid discovery of functional resistance genes is enabled by a high-expression signature and high-throughput transformation. This approach identified 31 new resistance genes for wheat and can be applied across crops to support food security.

The development of noninvasive methodology plays an important role in advancing lithium ion battery technology. Here the authors utilize the measurement of tiny magnetic field changes within a cell to assess the lithiation state of the active material, and detect defects.

Allogenic mesenchymal stem cells are engineered with three mRNAs to bind to multiple myeloma B cells while activating T cells for cancer therapy.

De novo structural variants are an important cause of rare disorders but remain poorly understood. Here, the authors analyse over 12,000 families and reveal the prevalence, diversity, and clinical impact of complex de novo structural variants.

Interacting electrons in Hofstadter bands can form symmetry-broken topological states. These are now revealed in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, and their properties are influenced by non-uniform quantum geometry.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as biocompatible carriers for targeted drug delivery, yet challenges in yield, cargo loading and biodistribution persist. In this Review, key trends from over a decade of research are analysed, comparing EVs with lipid-based systems and outlining strategies for improving therapeutic translation and reporting standards.

Electrochemical amine regeneration offers a renewable, low-temperature pathway for CO₂ capture. Here, the authors reveal how anions regulate interfacial copper redox kinetics that control electrochemical CO₂ release using in-situ spectroscopic and computational analyses.

In this work Qiu et al. demonstrate that the application of van der Waals technology to STM/STS will dramatically expand the capabilities of the latter, allowing STM/STS to investigate the structure, electronic properties and magnetism of 2D magnetic insulators at the atomic scale.

Particle fusion is a promising process for constructing nanomaterials, but challenging to control in synthetic systems. Here, the authors report a method for kinetically regulated particle fusion controlled by variation in polymer chain length.

Progress in malaria control has stalled in recent years. Here, authors present a self-limiting gene drive, Male Drive Female Sterile (MDFS), which spreads dominant female sterility via fertile males and can eliminate mosquito populations in the lab, offering a promising tool for vector suppression.

Trends in global H₂ sources and sinks are analysed from 1990 to 2020, and a comprehensive budget for the decade 2010–2020 is presented.

Samples returned from asteroid Bennu by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission contain N-rich organics with prebiotic implications. This material probably formed in the earliest stages of the asteroid’s history possibly even before its water ice melted.

vConTACT3 enables multirank, large-scale classification of eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses.

Accurately predicting the optimal pH level for enzyme activity is challenging due to the complex relationship between enzyme structure and function. Gado and colleagues show that a language model can effectively learn the structural and biophysical features to predict the optimal pH for enzyme activity.

The spectrally narrow photoluminescence lines occurring in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) heterostructures at low temperature have been attributed to interlayer excitons (IXs) localized by the moiré potential between the TMD layers. Here, the authors show that these lines are present even when the moiré potential is suppressed by inserting an hBN spacer between the TMD layers.

The endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein IRE1 mitigates ER stress through kinase-ribonuclease and scaffolding activities. However, a significant nonenzymatic IRE1 dependency has been shown in cancer. Here, the authors design a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) to fully disrupt cellular IRE1 protein, selectively blocking growth of IRE1-dependent cancer cells.

Riparian vegetation reduced gulf turbidity up to 800 meters offshore, overlapping coral reefs and seagrasses, while pasture and gravel roads increased turbidity, according to a scalable framework using remote sensing and causal inference methods.

Precise separation of ions with similar valence and size is critical. Here, authors designed a selective membrane that precisely extract Li+ from Na+ and Ca²⁺ interferences. The high selectivity and permeability enable energy-efficient, precise, and chemical-free lithium extraction using the electrodialysis process.

This Review compares predictive genomics across humans, animals and plants, and outlines shared statistical foundations and key differences in phenotype structure, as well as opportunities for biologically grounded, generalizable artificial intelligence models.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Ferroelectric polymers are attractive candidates as dielectric materials for electrical energy storage applications, but suffer from large dielectric loss. Here, the authors report a method for creating ferroelectric polymer networks with reduced dielectric loss and large charge–discharge efficiencies.

The existence of phosphatases specialized in regulating the axon initial segment (AIS) was unclear. Here, the authors show that a PP2A-B55 subunit is selectively enriched at the AIS and contributes to its local phospho-regulation.

Magnetic vortices in thin ferromagnetic films possess a core with out-of-plane magnetization whose polarity can be manipulated by magnetic fields or currents for technological applications. Here, the authors demonstrate local control of the core polarity in NiFe films via an imprinted maze domain pattern.

Sprites are spectacular optical emissions in the mesosphere with an enigmatic filamentary nature. Qin et al.present high-speed video and modelling data revealing sub-millisecond dynamics to reconstruct the structures on a km-scale, showing that pre-existing plasma irregularities are responsible for their initiation.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

In a prospective study involving 579,583 women in multiple sites across the USA, a multistage AI-driven workflow for digital breast tomosynthesis mammograms assisted radiologists in identifying 21.6% more cancers with respect to historical data, showing no significant variation across socio-demographic and breast density subgroups.

How to effectively communicate climate change to the public has long been studied and debated. Through a registered report megastudy, researchers tested the ten most-cited climate change messaging strategies published, finding that many had significant, but small, effects on climate change attitudes.

How landscapes are arranged affects soil pathogenic fungi worldwide. The authors reveal the global pattern and pronounced scale-dependency of landscape complexity and land-cover quantity on soil pathogenic fungal diversity.

Mitochondria that are transported from satellite glial cells in dorsal root ganglia to peripheral sensory neurons through tunneling nanotube-like structures provide protection against peripheral neuropathy.

Optical control of atomic quantum systems poses stringent requirements on modulators. Here, the authors present a piezoelectrically actuated silicon-nitride-based high-speed spatial light modulator technology meeting those needs.

New field measurements and modeling show meltwater refreezing in Greenland’s bare ice may reduce runoff to surrounding oceans, highlighting a process climate models can incorporate for improved predictions of future sea-level rise.

A key component of quantum error correction is the decoding algorithm, which needs to be accurate but also with a computational overhead that doesn’t lead to backlogs and allows fast logical clock rates. Here, the authors show an FPGA-driven decoder featuring a coarse-grained parallel architecture and on-the-fly error model updates, allowing both high accuracy and real-time operation.

Neural circuits in adult mouse visual cortex are stabilized by astrocytes, which secrete CCN1, resulting in reduced plasticity and increased maturation of multiple cell types.