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In-situ monitoring of artificial photosynthesis with carbon nitride thin films reveal the critical role of surface interactions which alter surface electron density and electronic properties and facilitates the splitting of water into its elements

Large log coffins placed on stilts in natural caves characterize the Iron Age of northwestern Thailand. Here, the authors conduct archaeogenetic analyses of 33 individuals, identifying a large, well-connected community, where genetic relatedness played a significant role in the mortuary ritual.

The connection between the molecular and physical control of embryonic tissues remains unclear. Here, the authors connect genetic mutations to changes in the physical state of posterior tissues during axis elongation, revealing a key role for dorsal tissues.

Rare mutations in the high requirement temperature protein A1 (HTRA1) cause cerebral vasculopathy. Here, authors establish mechanistically distinct protein repair approaches to reverse the deleterious effects of pathogenic mutations interfering with the assembly and protease function of HTRA1.

Using eye-tracking and representational geometry analyses, Linde-Domingo and Spitzer find that, even when requested to maintain fixation, humans produce involuntary miniature gaze patterns that encode visuospatial information and change over time to reflect the underlying mental process.

A multi-omics approach reveals host–microbiome interactions in aging in mice.

Here the authors identify PHF3 SPOC domain as a reader of the phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) C-terminal domain. They show that PHF3 clusters with Pol II complexes in cells, drives phase separation of Pol II in vitro, and regulates neuronal gene expression and neuronal differentiation.

Efficient organic light-emitting diodes require a multilayer architecture to confine charge recombination to the emissive layer. Here, authors demonstrate efficient single-layer devices for emitters with imbalanced charge transport without the need of additional charge transport or blocking layers.

The Asian black-spined toad is a widespread, poisonous, invasive amphibian. Here, the authors use genomic and DNA-barcoding data from this toad to document its complex evolutionary history, two distinct species, and potential historic dispersal assisted by humans.

Designing efficient systems capable emulating the muscular excitation-contraction signatures, remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose cytoadhesion-inspired hybrids as locally-coupled electromechanical interfaces capable retrieving the myoelectric and mechanical signals.

We need to change the over-competitive culture that promotes publishing at all costs.

Rotational deceleration has increased daylength on Earth, potentially linking the increased burial of organic carbon by cyanobacterial mats and planetary oxygenation, according to experiments and modelling of Precambrian benthic ecosystems.

The authors show that retinotopically organized feedback from the primary visual cortex sharpens receptive fields and contributes to surround suppression in mouse visual thalamus, probably by recruiting inhibition through the thalamic reticular nucleus.

A single exometabolite produced by an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of the root microbiome enhances host susceptibility to salt stress and promotes plant disease in complex soil systems.

Aurora, a new large-scale foundation model trained on more than one million hours of diverse geophysical data, outperforms operational forecasts in predicting air quality, ocean wave dynamics, tropical cyclone tracks and high-resolution weather.

A spectroscopic study of the superconducting phase in sulfur hydride under extreme pressures is presented, revealing the energy scale for the electron–phonon interaction in this system.

Genomic and phenomic screens of 827 wheat landraces from the A. E. Watkins collection provide insight into the wheat population genetic background, unlocking many agronomic traits and revealing haplotypes that could potentially be used to improve modern wheat cultivars.

Magnetic anti-skyrmions—chiral spin textures that could find applications in spintronics—have been recently observed in inverse tetragonal Heusler Mn_1.4Pt_0.9Pd_0.1Sn. Here, the authors observe anti-skyrmions in thin films of Mn_1.4Pt_0.9Pd_0.1Sn over a wide range of temperature and magnetic fields.

Various intrinsic factors, including the metabolic state of cancer cells, govern their ability to evade immune destruction. Here the authors show that inactivation of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme in the pyrimidine synthesis pathway, increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to T cell cytotoxicity through CDP-Choline dependent induction of ferroptosis.

Sivaraj, Majev et al. demonstrate that the inactivation of Lats2 in endothelial cells triggers the upregulation of serum response factor and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, leading to myofibroblast formation, bone marrow fibrosis, osteosclerosis, impaired bone marrow function and extramedullary hematopoiesis.

Cas9 DNA targeting is inherently sequence specific but not temporally controlled. Here, authors spatiotemporally couple Cas9 activity to target site transcription in eukaryotes and exploit this to preferentially edit the more highly transcribed of two alleles that harbor identical Cas9 targets.

Lenses are well-understood optical instruments to focus light. The flame lens realized here by Michaelis et al. offers light focusing with a damage threshold several orders of magnitude higher than that of most conventional lenses.

Many animals, including insects, birds, fish and reptiles, use polarized light for navigation, but this has not been reported before in mammals. In this study, Greif et al. demonstrate that a mammal, the female greater mouse-eared bat, Myotis myotis, can also use polarized light for navigation.

While the spin generation in topological insulators is well studied, little is known about the interaction of the spins with external stimuli. Here, Seifert et al. observe a helical, bias-dependent photoconductance at the lateral edges of topological Bi₂Te₂Se platelets for perpendicular incidence of light, distinct to common longitudinal photoconductance phenomena.

This study reveals that jellyfish swimming can be guided and predicted using electrical stimulation and machine learning, illustrating how embodied intelligence shapes both spontaneous and stimulus-evoked behaviors.

Here the authors present an HIV-1 vaccine strategy that combines Env stabilization, nanoparticle display, and glycan trimming, which improves neutralizing antibody responses, frequency of vaccine responders, and germinal center reactions in animal models.

‘A supergene that underlies variation in male mating phenotypes has consequences for female reproduction. Here, the authors use evolutionary models to show that the rarest variant of this supergene is maintained by disproportionally high male reproductive success.’

This Review highlights recent advances in polyploid genome analysis and breeding, emphasizing methodological innovations and the importance of deciphering genome complexity to accelerate genetic improvement in polyploid crops.

The authors follow the folding dynamics of a nascent protein trapped during its synthesis, showing how the ribosome and a molecular chaperone shape the pathway of protein folding.

A photoreceptor-controlled carbon metabolism pathway in microalgae has been discovered. Blue light, sensed by phototropin, dephosphorylates Phototropin-Mediated Signalling Kinase 1 (PMSK1), repressing starch accumulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is compromised by the trade-off between resolution and photobleaching. Here, the authors present ReSTED, a reactivatable STED microscopy using fluorescence-recoverable nanographene that enables hour-long, super-resolution 3D imaging without bleaching.

Individual decisions drive the dynamics of collective systems. Here, the authors use an immersive-reality experiment to show that group incentives reduce social information use and improve performance in naturalistic collectives.

The gigantic genome of a type of fork fern smashes the human one in terms of size.

Multi-omics on a long-term, continuous bioreactor experiment identifies microbes able to respire nitric oxide, a toxic, ozone-depleting, greenhouse gas precursor.

Arctic marine ecosystems have experienced significant change through the Holocene. Here, the authors used sedaDNA from Northern Greenland to reconstruct marine mammal occurrence, demonstrating the impact of air temperature and sea ice cover over the past 12000 years.

Manipulation of TIM-1-expressing B cells enables engagement of the second arm of adaptive immunity to promote anti-tumour immunity and inhibit tumour growth.

Preclinical studies have shown that negative pressure ventilation ex situ lung perfusion results in less ventilator-induced lung injury compared to positive pressure ventilation of donor lungs during transplantation procedures. Here the authors perform a single-arm clinical trial with 12 participants to study patient survival and primary graft dysfunction with ex situ lung perfusion.

An approach combining electron energy-loss spectroscopy with image processing tools from single-particle cryo-electron microscopy enables elemental mapping in macromolecular complexes, paving the way for the accurate assignment of metals, ions, ligands and lipids.

Men are often more willing to compete compared to women, which may contribute to gender differences in wages and career advancement. Here, the authors show that ‘power priming’ - encouraging people to imagine themselves in a situation of power - can close the gender gap in competitiveness.

Hierarchical ordering is critical for preparing biomimetic materials, but control of multiscale structure over many length scales is limited. Here, the authors report on a bottom-up assembly process for producing highly porous hydrogel structures where structure dictates bulk properties.

A microRNA decreases the expression of the adhesion molecule CD44 in prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs), blocking tumor growth and metastasis in mice (pages 211–215). Systemic delivery of this negative regulator may open new avenues for targeting CSCs to halt cancer.

The human cortex displays an anterior-to-posterior asymmetry, identified via both post-mortem and in vivo microstructural measurements. Microstructural asymmetry is heritable, varies across cortical layers and between sexes, and relates to functional asymmetry and behavior.

Traditional catalytic studies typically rely on steady-state conditions, producing time-averaged data that cannot distinguish between active species and spectators. Here, the authors explore CO oxidation on Pt(111) by simultaneously monitoring reaction products, surface intermediates, and catalyst responses in real time.

A comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing study delineates cell-type-specific transcriptomic changes in the brain associated with normal ageing that will inform the investigation into functional changes and the interaction of ageing and disease.