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Single-photon sources are important for quantum optical technologies, although achieving efficient light extraction from them with waveguides is limited in top-down approaches. Reimeret al. show a high extraction efficiency using a bottom-up method to grow quantum dots on the axis of nanowire waveguides.

Semiconductor quantum dots embedded in nanowires are good candidates for the realization of a nearly ideal entangled photons source. Here, Versteegh et al.demonstrate emission of single-photon pairs from a position-controlled nanowire quantum dot without the need for temporal post-selection.

Here, the authors present and characterise a collection of human gut bacteria including novel taxa associated with health conditions and a large diversity of plasmids. All isolates, their genomes and metadata are publicly available, facilitating research by others (www.hibc.rwth-aachen.de).

On-chip nonlinear optics devices find a number of applications in modern optics from spectroscopy to communications. Here, the authors increase the degrees of freedom for frequency mixing by demonstrating the nonlinear interaction of perpendicularly-polarized modes in an integrated microring resonator.

Macrophages are revealed to adopt a polymerase II pause/release process to effectively deal with ingested apoptotic corpses and for continuous efferocytosis.

Here, the authors characterize a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine candidate that contains full-length spike protein stabilized in its prefusion conformation, and show immunogenicity in baboons and protection in mice with Matrix-M adjuvanted vaccine.

Artificial intelligence (AI) system is known to improve dermatologists’ diagnostic accuracy for melanoma. This group applies the eye-tracking technology on dermatologists when diagnosing dermoscopic images of melanomas and reports improved balanced diagnostic accuracy when using an X(explainable) AI system comparing to the standard one.

Saçma, Pospiech and co-workers show that sinusoidal niches are uniquely preserved on ageing, that they are the predominant niche for label-retaining (LR)-HSCs in aged mice and display higher reconstitution capacity compared with non-LR HSCs.

Inducible genetic labelling of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and linked mathematical modelling show that at least 30% of all HSCs are productive, and that adult haematopoiesis is largely sustained by ‘short-term’ downstream stem cells that operate near self-renewal in the steady state; HSC fate mapping provides a quantitative model for better understanding of HSC functions in health and disease.

Twisted 2D magnets provide a rich playground for potential spintronic device architectures. Here, the authors use tunneling magnetoresistance measurements to investigate the collective spin states of twisted double bilayer CrI₃ in various configurations, providing evidence of non-volatile spin textures.

In depsipeptide synthetases, intact adenylation and ketoreductase domains responsible for selecting and reducing α-keto acids are flanked by two halves of a split pseudo-Asub domain whose physical interaction is critical for the module's activity.

In a new strategy for increasing the availability of lungs for transplantation, human lungs declined for transplantation because of their poor quality can be recuperated by connecting them to the circulation of a pig.

Examining skeletal traits within a time-calibrated phylogeny, the authors find that ocean geochemistry (particularly aragonite–calcite seas) has driven patterns of morphological evolution in anthozoans (corals, sea anemones) over time.

The authors report an incised giant deer phalanx (toe bone), directly radiocarbon dated to at least 51,000 years old. The age and context of the object suggests that it was engraved by Neanderthals.

Tapered InP nanowire p–n junction arrays enable efficient broadband and high-speed room-temperature photodetection.

Nod2 senses intracellular bacteria and is required for their eradication. Nuñez and co-workers now describe a T cell–intrinsic role for Nod2 in combating the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

Artificial intelligence has become popular as a cancer classification tool, but there is distrust of such systems due to their lack of transparency. Here, the authors develop an explainable AI system which produces text- and region-based explanations alongside its classifications which was assessed using clinicians’ diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic confidence, and their trust in the system.

The gluonic gravitational form factor of the proton was determined using various models, and these analyses showed that the mass radius of the proton was smaller than the electric charge radius.

Assembloids are integrated with CRISPR screening to investigate the involvement of 425 neurodevelopmental disorder genes in human interneuron development, showing endoplasmic reticulum displacement before nuclear translocation and interference from LNPK deletion, resulting in abnormal migration.

RH5, which is part of the trimeric RCR-complex essential for invasion, is a vaccine candidate for malaria. Here, Williams et al. show that monoclonal antibodies targeting each of the three proteins in the RCR-complex can work together to more effectively block the invasion of red blood cells by Plasmodium falciparum and design a combination vaccine candidate.

Nanocrystals - such as quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles - embedded in lipoproteins can be used to image and quantify the kinetics of lipid metabolism in vivo in a non-invasive manner using fluorescence and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging.

The authors show that norepinephrine signaling to astrocytes in the mouse visual cortex acts as a separate neuromodulatory pathway that regulates the effects of arousal on neuronal activity and cortical state.

The cell-intrinsic pathways controlling the function of innate lymphoid cells are poorly defined. Artis and colleagues demonstrate that ILC2s selectively express arginase 1 and that this is critical for their bioenergetics, proliferation and function.

Following spinal injury in zebrafish, non-neural cells establish an extracellular matrix to promote axon re-growth but how this is regulated is unclear. Here, the authors show that Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fibroblast-like cells at a lesion activates axon re-growth via deposition of Collagen XII.

Niche crosstalk with Haematopoietic cells underlies normal haematopoiesis and myeloid disorders. Here the authors report a Stabilin2-Cre driver mouse with Cre-activity restricted to bone marrow sinusoidal endothelial cells, and that Stabilin2-Cre driven overactivation of b-catenin leads to erythroid differentiation defects and anaemia.

Researchers investigate the internal gain of InAsP quantum dots embedded in an InP nanowire by performing photocurrent measurements down to the single-photon regime. The resulting gain ( > 10⁴) is a significant step towards single-shot electrical read-out of an exciton qubit state for the transfer of quantum information between flying and stationary qubits.

The identification of HLA peptides by mass spectrometry is non-trivial. Here, the authors extended and used the wealth of data from the ProteomeTools project to improve the prediction of non-tryptic peptides using deep learning, and show their approach enables a variety of immunological discoveries.

The creation and manipulation of large quantum states is necessary for quantum information processing tasks. Three-level, four-partite cluster states have now been created in the time and frequency domain of two photons on-chip.

A passively mode-locked laser system featuring cavity filtering and cavity-enhanced nonlinear interactions within an integrated microring resonator produces nanosecond optical pulses with a spectral width of 104.9 MHz.

A revised date for the Laacher See eruption using measurements of subfossil trees shifts the chronology of European varved lakes relative to the Greenland ice core record, synchronizing the onset of the Younger Dryas across the North Atlantic–European sector.

The authors report whole-blood RNA-seq for 4,871 samples from 1,570 participants in the Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative. This Resource documents blood-based transcriptomic changes associated with PD, including early increases in neutrophil gene expression with a decrease in lymphocytes.

Sequences of 137 ancient and 502 modern human genomes illuminate the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age and document the replacement of Indo-European speakers of West Eurasian ancestry by Turkic-speaking groups of East Asian ancestry.

Controlling complex properties of optical systems, like the output of nonlinear light sources, is increasingly important for applications. Here, Wetzel et al. use an actively-controlled photonic chip to prepare patterns of femtosecond laser pulses used for tailoring supercontinuum generation.

Elevated triglyceride levels often occur in obesity and can contribute to cardiovascular disease. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is known to burn fat, and now Joerg Heeren and his colleagues show that BAT actively takes up triglycerides in cold conditions, suggesting a possible therapy to lower triglyceride levels in states of obesity.

Nitrogenases use transition metals to selectively capture weak π acids such as N₂ by employing backbonding interactions. Here, a metal–organic framework with exposed vanadium sites is presented that uses this approach for selective capture of N₂ from CH₄, with impressive selectivity and capacity.

The global epidemic of cardiovascular disease is being fuelled by the spread of a Western lifestyle characterized by a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. In this Perspectives article, Valentin Fuster highlights 10 therapies and interventions that, in his opinion, will be most useful in combating cardiovascular disease and promoting cardiovascular health over the next decade.

Spontaneous parametric down-conversion, the standard technique for generating entangled photons, is limited by low pair extraction efficiencies at near-unity fidelity. The authors show quantum dots in nanowires efficiently emit an oscillating state with near-unity entanglement fidelity and propose a time-resolved quantum key distribution protocol.