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A single dose of an adeno-associated virus vector encoding an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody given shortly after birth results in persistent antibody expression and protection from infection in rhesus macaque models of human HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding and sexual intercourse.

Cohesin functions must be tightly regulated. Here Prusén Mota et al. show that the cohesin regulator SORORIN is conserved beyond the animal kingdom and they provide the first organismal in vivo evidence that SORORIN antagonizes WAPL.

Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of infectious disease and have unique molecular pathophysiology. Here the authors use host-microbe profiling to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in solid organ transplant recipients, showing enhanced viral abundance, impaired clearance, and increased expression of innate immunity genes.

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is expressed in immune cells and microglia, where its role remains poorly understood. Here, the authors show that BTK modulates microglial neuroinflammatory pathways relevant to multiple sclerosis (MS) and report robust effects of BTK inhibition in human in vitro models and animal models of MS.

The role of IgG glycosylation in the immune response has been studied, but less is known about IgM glycosylation. Here the authors characterize glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 spike specific IgM and show that it correlates with COVID-19 severity and affects complement deposition.

A survey of sharks and rays on coral reefs within 66 marine protected areas across 36 countries showcases that the conservation benefits of full MPA protection to sharks almost double when accompanied by effective fisheries management.

Differences in a non-coding enhancer region of the HOXDB locus underlie the differences between stickleback species in dorsal spine length and number. These differences include single-nucleotide polymorphisms, deletions and transposable element insertions.

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is still not well understood. Here the authors provide patient reported outcomes from 590 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and show association of PASC with higher respiratory SARS-CoV-2 load and circulating antibody titers, and in some an elevation in circulating fibroblast growth factor 21.

Spot-based spatial transcriptomic analysis of paired primary and metastatic pancreatic cancers identifies cellular, metabolic and fibrotic changes in ecotypes associated with progression, highlighting the contribution of the tumor microenvironment.

Structural, computation and kinetics approaches reveal the energy landscape of catalysis by adenylate kinase and show that the cofactor Mg²⁺ activates two distinct molecular events in the reaction cycle: phosphoryl transfer and lid opening.

Self-assembled structures are typically demonstrated on small scales under well-controlled lab environments. Here, the authors present a roll-to-roll process for the continuous manufacturing of square-meters of self-assembled cellulose-based mechano-chromic films and demonstrate the recording of pressure profiles generated by foot-imprints in real time.

Systems of confined active filaments within a deformable vesicle are of relevance for development of active materials constructed from anisotropic particles. The authors propose a framework to control the transformations of the vesicle shape and filament organization.

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease with limited therapeutic options. Here, the authors show that protein kinase MAP4K4 regulates vascular inflammation underlying atherosclerotic plaque development and that its inhibition prevents the disease and promotes lesion regression in mice, proposing a new atherosclerosis treatment.

Trials in rhesus macaques show that a subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, comprising the spike protein receptor-binding domain displayed on a nanoparticle protein scaffold, produces a robust protective response against the virus.

Experiments and coarse-grained simulations show, in an active system based on microtubules, a system-spanning phase of motile defects with orientational order that persists over hours despite a defect lifetime of seconds.

Nucleic acid-based constitutional dynamic networks (CDNs) enable control of various catalytic processes, but it is challenging to achieve intercommunication between different CDNs and by that mimic complex cell biology networks. Here, the authors report two CDNs that control the integration of photochemical and dark-operating processes, and show their intercommunication afforded by environmental components.

Programmable triangular DNA blocks self-assemble into distinct icosahedral shells with specific geometry and apertures that can encapsulate viruses and decrease viral infection.

The fleeting nature of transition state ensembles of protein motions has precluded their experimental observation. This work provides an atomistic insight into the rate-determining structural transition of adenylate kinase during catalysis by high-pressure NMR and molecular dynamics simulations.

Cell-surface receptors form the front line of plant immunity. Here, the authors show that the RLP co-receptors SOBIR1 and BAK1 directly phosphorylate each other, leading to activation of the immune receptor complex in which RLCKs are differentially required for production of reactive oxygen species that play a role in resistance against Phytophthora palmivora.

Time-limited skin inflammation in neonatal mice promotes a reciprocal interaction between type 2 helper T cells and fascial fibroblasts that regulates wound repair in later life.

The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is a ubiquitous human ectoparasite with global distribution. Here, the authors sequence the genome of the bed bug and identify reductions in chemosensory genes, expansion of genes associated with blood digestion and genes linked to pesticide resistance.

HIV vaccine development will be facilitated by having animal models that are predictive for translation to humans. Here, the authors use two nonhuman primate models to compare the effects of natural infection and different adjuvants on antigen persistence, diversity and humoral immunity.

The mitotic exit network (MEN) triggers mitotic exit and can be blocked by the spindle position checkpoint (SPOC). Here the authors show that SPOC kinase Kin4 counterbalances MEN activation by the Cdc fourteen early anaphase release (FEAR) network in the mother cell and that in the absence of FEAR mitotic exit requires daughter cell-confined factors.

Salivary mucin-derived glycans downregulate genes of quorum-sensing systems associated with genetic competence, thereby suppressing the transformation of Streptococcus mutans.

The in vivo function of E2f transcription factors has been a matter of debate. The effects of E2f1, E2f2 and E2f3 triple deficiency are now examined in murine embryonic stem cells, embryos and small intestines. E2f1–3 are shown to function as transcriptional activators in normal dividing progenitor cells; however, contrary to the current view, they are dispensable for cell division but are necessary for cell survival.

Inclusions dissolved in a colloidal membrane assemble into highly uniform finite-sized liquid droplets or rafts consisting of thousands of molecules.

Molecular chirality can be used to control interfacial tension in multi-component mixtures of chiral molecules, and tuning the chirality makes it possible to produce and manipulate self-assembling complex chiral structures.