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A technique called condense-seq has been developed to measure nucleosome condensability and used to show that mononucleosomes contain sufficient information to condense into large-scale compartments without requiring any external factors.

Whether paternal pre-conceptual SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts sperm RNA content, or effects offspring phenotypes, has not been previously investigated. Here authors report changes in sperm noncoding RNAs in SARS-CoV-2 infected sires and increased anxiety-like behaviors in offspring.

In a randomized trial of patients with a previous myocardial infarction and with residual inflammation, a monoclonal antibody targeting the LOX-1 receptor, thought to contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression and inflammation, reduced soluble LOX-1 and interleukin-6 levels but did not lead to a substantial reduction in coronary plaque volume.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

The SWEET project is a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial that shows that long-term consumption of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers improves body weight control and elicits beneficial gut microbiota changes in adults with overweight or obesity.

Transcription–replication conflicts can threaten genome stability. Here, the authors show that RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a stronger roadblock to a DNA fork in the head-on orientation, and an RNA–DNA hybrid can form in front of Pol II, creating a topological lock trapping Pol II at the fork.

The BabyScreen+ study offered genomic screening to 1,000 newborns in Australia, and showed that the approach is feasible and positively received by families, leading to molecular diagnoses in 1.6% of babies.

Genomic deletions in poxviruses are not well understood, the authors found large deletions in >2% of Mpox virus genomes during routine surveillance, highlighting their role in poxvirus evolution and potential impact on diagnostics and therapeutics.

Activity in a set of parabranchial neurons in the mouse brain is increased during chronic pain, predicts coping behaviour, and can be modulated by circuits activated by survival threats.

How age affect the immune response to malaria is not fully understood. Here, the authors characterise the transcriptome and serum inflammatory cytokines in children and adults in response to malaria, showing that there is an increase of inflammatory chemokine and cellular responses in adults compared to children.

An inherently explainable AI trained on 1,015 expert-annotated prostate tissue images achieved strong Gleason pattern segmentation while providing interpretable outputs and addressing interobserver variability in pathology.

Available wheat genomes are annotated by projecting Chinese Spring gene models across the new assemblies. Here, the authors generate de novo gene annotations for the 9 wheat genomes, identify core and dispensable transcriptome, and reveal conservation and divergence of gene expression balance across homoeologous subgenomes.

When the facts can’t speak for themselves, scientists can give them a voice, argues Michelle Francl.

Reliable measuring the voltage dynamics of individual neurons in the intact brain is significantly challenging. Here authors developed an all-optical method combining two-photon voltage imaging and optogenetics to measure and induce synaptic plasticity in vivo, revealing LTP of inhibition in cerebellar circuits and providing a blueprint to link synaptic changes to learning.

iExoKras^G12D are engineered exosomes for the delivery of siRNA targeting KRAS^G12D. Here the authors describe the results of a phase I trial of iExoKrasG12D in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, reporting safety and clinical activity, as well as immunological correlates informing on tumor immune microenvironment reprograming and future combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.’

Despite being a virulence factor, candidalysin toxin is essential for Candida albicans to penetrate the oral epithelium to establish and maintain non-infectious colonization

A combined sequencing technique assesses 18 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer over a multi-year period from diagnosis to recurrence and shows drug resistance typically arises from selective expansion of one or a few clones present at diagnosis.

Using MPXV genomes specific to New York City, phylogenetic clusters were identified. Most mutations were driven by ABOBEC3. The prevalence of coinfections with distinct strains was ~4.2% and results may improve MPXV genomic epidemiology applications.

Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

CELLFIE, a CRISPR platform for optimizing cell-based immunotherapies, identifies gene knockouts that enhance CAR T cell efficacy using in vitro and in vivo screens.

Seismological and geodetic data are used together with a machine learning earthquake catalogue to reconstruct magma migration before and during the 2025 volcano–tectonic crisis at Santorini volcano, indicating a coupling between Santorini and Kolumbo.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Microglia proliferate in response to ischemic stroke. Here, the authors show the clonal dynamics of this proliferation and how clonality contributes to microglial heterogeneity in a mouse stroke model, revealing distinct interclonal interactions.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

This Review explains how an improved understanding of immune and nervous system interactions in the central nervous system (CNS) has guided the use of immunotherapies (including chimeric antigen receptor T cells, oncolytic viruses, cancer vaccines and immune-checkpoint inhibitors) to treat CNS tumours. The authors highlight the outcomes of clinical trials that have used immunotherapy to treat primary brain cancers and provide a perspective on future directions for the field.

Mepolizumab (anti-IL-5 therapy) has been shown to reduce type 2 inflammation in asthma. Here the authors use bulk transcriptomics from nasal samples before and after mepolizumab treatment to assess the changes and associations with treatment outcomes.

Glutamatergic and GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid-producing) cortical neuronal activity drives proliferation of small lung cell cancer via paracrine interactions and through synapses formed with tumour cells.

Multivariate genome-wide association analyses of the latent genetic architecture of frailty identify one general factor of genetic overlap across all frailty deficits and six factors indexing a shared genetic signal across specific groups of deficits.

The results from a state-of-the-art suite of hydrodynamical cosmological zoom-in simulations show how globular clusters naturally emerge in the Standard Cosmology and also reveal the existence of a new class of object called globular-cluster-like dwarfs.

The enzyme ABHD18 is shown to have a key role in cardiolipin metabolism in mitochondria, offering a potential route for a small-molecule treatment of the rare genetic disease Barth syndrome.

Pressure overload in the heart, such as from aortic stenosis, triggers early molecular changes before visible damage occurs. Here, the authors show that combining proteomics, transcriptomics, and genetic data reveals key drivers of heart failure, highlighting potential targets for treatment.

The Perseverance rover detected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons preserved within sulfates in the fan and floor of Jezero crater on Mars, offering new insights into past habitability and the preservation of organic matter on Mars.

RNAtracker is a computational pipeline that distinguishes variants associated with allele-specific RNA stability from those associated with allele-specific RNA transcription. Variants affecting RNA stability are enriched in immune-related genes and contribute to disease risk.

The measurement of natriuretic peptides has emerged as an important tool for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with heart failure, but the use of these markers for monitoring treatment remains under question. In this Review, Drs. O'Donoghue and Braunwald explore the evolving role of natriuretic peptides in the guidance of heart failure therapy and appraise data from clinical trials in this field.

The development of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies is crucial in the fight against viral infections. Here, using combinatorial library technology, the authors identify 3D1, a monoclonal antibody with potential pan-inhibitory activity against a range of viral families, and provide structural analysis to reveal the basis of the broad cross-reactivity.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Preventing endosomal damage sensing or using lipids that create reparable endosomal holes reduces inflammation caused by RNA–lipid nanoparticles while enabling high RNA expression.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Molecular glues have great potential for drug discovery if they can be systematically discovered. Konstantinidou, et al describe a scaffold-hopping approach using multicomponent reaction chemistry to design molecular glues that induce 14-3- 3σ/ERα formation in cells.

The combination of isotopic tracers with root phenotyping reveals specific patterns in photosynthate allocation. These patterns are reflected in rhizodeposition and result in spatially distinct microbiomes within the plant root system.

Carbohydrate esterases alter polysaccharides by removing ester groups. Here, the authors resolved crystal structures of two CE20 enzymes and discovered a novel, water-mediated catalytic triad essential for activity, offering insights into enzyme function and mechanism.

Climate change is transforming the water cycle and impacting the availability of food and water—effects that are most severe in low- and middle-income countries, where they can impact child mortality substantially. Analyses of rainfall patterns indicate that although increased annual rainfall is associated with improved child survival, these benefits depend on seasonal stability and the absence of extreme weather events.