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This study demonstrates GHz-speed electro-optic modulation using ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals, offering dual-phase shifting, poling-free operation, low loss, and CMOS compatibility-enabling scalable hybrid silicon-organic photonics.

Interactions between qubits and defect-related two-level systems in superconducting qubit devices are a major source of noise fluctuations that hinder error-mitigation performance. Here, the authors experimentally show that modulating this interaction can reduce noise fluctuation and improve error mitigation performance.

This study presents LassoESM, a lasso peptide-tailored language model that provides effective representations to enhance property prediction and facilitate the rational design of lasso peptides.

Complexes of the transcription factor Ume6 bridge morphogenesis, adherence and hypoxic genes that determine biofilm architecture in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Managing power exhaust in fusion reactors is a key challenge, especially in compact designs for cost-effective commercial energy. This study shows how alternative divertor configurations improve exhaust control, enhance stability, absorb transients and enable independent plasma regulation.

This study explores the relationship between telomere length and clonal hematopoiesis. Splicing factor and PPM1D gene mutations are more frequent in people with genetically predicted shorter telomere lengths, suggesting that these mutations protect against the consequences of telomere attrition.

Mutational signature analysis of blood cells isolated from 23 chemotherapy-exposed samples and 9 nonexposed controls characterizes the effects of various drugs on mutational burden, signature exposure and cell types.

Sex differences are well established in the prevalence and symptoms of depression. Here, the authors identify a novel X chromosome variant, greater genetic risk, and stronger links to metabolic traits in females, highlighting the importance of sex-aware approaches.

Lee et al. show that the circadian clock protein REV-ERBα controls brain NAD⁺ levels by regulating the NAD⁺-consuming enzyme CD38. Global or astrocytic REV-ERBα deletion or pharmacologic REV-ERB inhibition protects against tau pathology in mice.

HistoPlexer, a deep learning model, generates multiplexed protein expression maps from H&E images, capturing tumour–immune cell interactions. It outperforms baselines, enhances immune subtyping and survival prediction and offers a cost-effective tool for precision oncology.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Li et al. discovered that the cytotoxic synthetic small molecule BRD1732 is directly ubiquitinated in cells. Ubiquitination of BRD1732 is E3 ligase dependent and leads to inhibition of proteasomal degradation.

The dorsal peduncular area of the mouse brain functions as a network hub that integrates diverse cortical and thalamic inputs to regulate neuroendocrine and autonomic responses.

A study reports whole-genome sequences for 490,640 participants from the UK Biobank and combines these data with phenotypic data to provide new insights into the relationship between human variation and sequence variation.

This pilot trial showed that perioperative treatment with the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitor safusidenib of patients with low-grade IDH-mutant glioma, with craniotomy and lumbar puncture before and after treatment, is feasible and safe and enabled in-depth translational investigation of safusidenib treatment-induced changes in the tumor, including electrophysiological effects.

DNA methylation is a critical component for repression of fetal haemoglobin in adult blood cells. Removing DNA methylation from the fetal haemoglobin promoter effectively upregulates the gene, opening avenues for the treatment of blood disorders.

Lipid particles loaded with RNA coding for tumour-unspecific antigens can enhance early responses of type-I interferons, mediating the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as epitope spreading.

In this Viewpoint, past attendees and organizers of the Little Brain Big Brain share their experience with this unique meeting and their insights into the field of enteric neuroscience and neurogastroenterology.

Neural networks fundamentally dictate function. Here, the authors show thirteen uniquely connected neuron populations within the anterior thalamic nuclei, suggesting multiple parallel subnetworks support its emotional and cognitive functions.

Metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease presents challenges in clinical trials due to complex pathophysiology. This Review discusses noninvasive imaging, serum biomarkers and adaptive designs as modalities to enhance patient-centric end points, aiming to refine diagnostics and improve drug development.

Pulsatile electrical stimulation is a common neuromodulation method, yet its effect on single neuron firing remains unclear. Here the authors show that pulses have multiple unintended but predictable effects on firing and discuss how they may be corrected when designing future neurotechnologies.

This study maps the connections of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mouse cortex, revealing distinct local and intercortical wiring patterns, and provides an open framework for exploring the connectivity of cell types.

This study presents an experimental system to conditionally immortalize murine megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells, providing a versatile system for investigation of red blood cell and platelet biology in vitro and in vivo.

JWST data reveal a multi-galaxy merger 800 Myr after the Big Bang, likely a progenitor of massive quiescent galaxies seen at later times. Its extended [O iii] halo offers direct evidence of early metal enrichment via tidal stripping.

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a severe brain disorder caused by autoantibodies that trigger NMDA receptor loss. Here, the authors show that ART5803, a monovalent antibody, blocks this process and restores function in cell and primate models.

Whole-genome sequences and field experiments focusing on the global invasive forage crop, Trifolium repens, show high levels of genetic variation across continents and parallel signatures of selection in five haploblocks.

Waveguides—often based on total internal reflection—underpin many photonic technologies, including fibre networks for broadband communications. Now a different type of waveguide based on physical diffusion in a scattering medium is demonstrated.

A study reports the development of a method to trace intercellular transfer of mitochondria, and demonstrates that cancer cells that receive mitochondria from neurons have enhanced metastatic capabilities.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Dense calcium imaging combined with co-registered high-resolution electron microscopy reconstruction of the brain of the same mouse provide a functional connectomics map of tens of thousands of neurons of a region of the primary cortex and higher visual areas.

Real-time joint motion feedback during exercise interventions can enhance hand and wrist rehabilitation. Here, the authors introduce electrogoniometry systems that accurately monitor target joint angles in fingers and wrists in real-time for use in medical and physical activity settings.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

Interrogation of electronic health records and the B and T cell repertoires of people with PSC shows a link between Epstein–Barr virus and primary sclerosing cholangitis, an incurable autoimmune liver disease.

In the Tumor Profiler proof-of-concept observational study, a multiomics approach for profiling tumors from patients with melanoma was feasible, returning data within 4 weeks and informing treatment recommendations in 75% of cases.

This study used fine-mapping to analyze genetic regions associated with bipolar disorder, identifying specific risk genes and providing new insights into the biology of the condition that may guide future research and treatment approaches.

Strong near-infrared spectral features from asymptotic giant branch stars are detected by JWST in the integrated light from distant quiescent galaxies, clarifying their contribution to galaxy spectra and population synthesis models.