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This study examines productivity and workforce dynamics in the world’s fisheries over six decades, finding that the natural limits of fish stocks combined with technological advances have led to diminishing returns per fisher.

Targeting biomedically relevant protein-protein interactions is a long-lasting challenge in medicinal chemistry. Here, the authors develop a single α-helical peptide scaffold that can be tailored to target globular proteins of biomedical interest.

Using Alpha fold modelling and cryo-EM reconstruction the authors reveal the structural and architectural principles of the bacterial functional amyloid curli, encompassing the continuous stacking of β-solenoid pseudo repeats within and across subunits.

Huyghe, Furlan et al. compare pluripotent reprogramming with oncogenic transformation and identify Bcl11b and Atoh8 as regulators of cellular plasticity in both processes, thus offering a unifying theory on the factors constraining cell fate changes.

Developing reliable resource characterization while guaranteeing resource efficiency is essential in practical quantum information processing. In this work, the authors show that the data obtained from entanglement distillation protocols can be further processed to efficiently and robustly characterize the entangled resources.

Frequent dispersal and short-lived local transmission clusters fuelled the 2013–2016 Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.

Structures of mu-opioid receptor (mOR) in complex with morphine derivatives have been determined; but the structural basis of mOR activation by fentanyl-like synthetic opioids remains unclear. Here, authors use state-of-the-art simulation techniques and discover a secondary binding mode which is only accessible when the conserved His297 adopts a neutral HID tautomer state.

In this prospective cohort study, authors follow 328 households in Germany with at least one confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and find that children are more likely to seroconvert without symptoms and have higher specific antibody levels that persist longer than in adults.

The exceptionally long-lived naked mole-rat is characterized by the lack of increased mortality with aging. Here the authors perform epigenetic studies to show that naked mole-rats epigenetically age despite their non-increasing mortality rate.

Non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 also reduced incidence of respiratory pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Here, the authors report the resurgence of RSV in Australia following lifting of some of the restrictions and describe reduction in genetic diversity in circulating clades.

Using data from MASH clinical trials, an AI model shows comparable performance with respect to individual pathologists in assessing histologic scoring for enrollment criteria and endpoint evaluation

Temperature shapes the adaptation and composition of microbiomes, but whether their enzymes drive the thermal response remains unknown. Using an analysis of seven enzyme classes from worldwide marine microbiome data, this study shows that enzyme thermal properties explain microbial thermal plasticity and they are both finely tuned by the thermal variability of the environment.

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major pathogen with burden observed and associated with childhood infection. Here the authors characterise a cationic adjuvant formulation and show single immunisation results in protection in a murine neonate model of respiratory syncytial virus infection.

The genomic profile and early transmission dynamics of the Omicron strain of SARS-CoV-2.

Some anesthetics despite being generally associated with sedation, can also increase brain activity—a phenomenon called paradoxical excitation. The authors identified dozens of compounds that generally decrease neuronal activity, but increase activity in the caudal hindbrain of zebrafish.

An analysis of fish and macroinvertebrate communities in European rivers over 32 years shows that inland ship traffic is associated with declining taxonomic richness, diversity and trait richness and with increased taxonomic evenness.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in sustainability-related scholarly work, such as Sustainable Development Goal research, is growing. An analysis now finds that few studies actually use AI to address normative or transformative dimensions of sustainability science, limiting the potential of relevant AI applications.

How primary production is influenced by climatic forcing has not been tested in most ecosystems. Here, the authors study a four-decade record of grassland production and find a sustained decline in above-ground net primary production attributable to increased aridity from declining late-summer rainfall.

Pluripotent stem cell colonies are encircled by large cornerstone focal adhesions (FAs). Here, using super-resolution imaging, the authors describe features in the nanoscale makeup of these stable FAs such as inverted vinculin, lateral talin segregation and distinct kank protein distributions.

By demonstrating a computational approach to restore the clinical efficacy of a COVID-19 antibody, the potential to rapidly update clinical antibodies is explored.

Here, Ratmann et al. show how viral deep sequencing data can be used to reconstruct HIV-1 transmission networks and to infer the direction of transmission in these networks.

Cassava mosaic disease is caused by geminiviruses and suppresses cassava yields throughout the tropics. Here, the authors show that mutations in MePOLD1, encoding DNA polymerase δ subunit 1, co-segregate with CMD2, the major source of genetic resistance for this disease.

Expression of NKG2D immunoreceptor ligands on tumour cells is believed to inhibit tumour growth through engaging NKG2D-expressing immune cells. Here, the authors show that in a model of liver cancer the NKG2D/NKG2D-ligand pathway can also promote tumour formation by sustaining an inflammatory environment.

Release from shunting inhibition and coincident excitation implement a multiplication-like synaptic interaction in motion-sensing neurons of Drosophila melanogaster.

Ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) are involved in skeletal muscle contraction. Here, the authors show that a transient calcium leak in response to exercise-induced post translational modifications of RyR1 causes mitochondrial remodeling to improve respiration.

A gap exists between large-scale genome mining and mass spectral datasets for natural product discovery. Here the authors bridge the gap by developing HypoRiPPAtlas, an Atlas of hypothetical natural product structures, which is ready-to-use for in silico database search of tandem mass spectra.

Genomic structural equation modeling of genome-wide association data for educational attainment and cognitive test performance is used to estimate the genetic component of variation in educational attainment that is independent of cognitive ability. The study finds that noncognitive skills account for 57% of genetic variation in educational attainment.

A projection of ocean surface isotherm deepening under emissions scenarios RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 reveals that the potential habitat of many marine organisms will rapidly become tightly compressed between depth levels imposed by isotherm deepening, the thickness of the photic layer and the seafloor.

The authors highlight inconsistencies and divergencies in the literature reporting data on indirect calorimetry for studies on whole-body energy homeostasis, and propose harmonization of standards to facilitate data comparison and interpretation across different datasets.

A machine learning approach is presented to identify dominant patterns in disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The nonlinearity of ALS progression has important clinical implications.

Advanced ecological modelling reveals how Sahul (Australia and New Guinea) was first peopled, suggesting the most probable routes and surprisingly rapid early settlement of this continent by anatomically modern humans starting 50,000 to 75,000 years ago.

This Consensus Statement clarifies the existing subset-based nomenclature for T cells. Furthermore, it proposes an alternative modular nomenclature that is designed to be brief and flexible and to avoid ambiguity and unwanted implications. The authors also provide guidance on how T cell nomenclature should be described in research papers.

Here, the authors show that a colonizing bacterial strain evolves in the gut by either generating ecotypes or continuously fixing beneficial mutations. They associate the first mode to metabolic mutations and the second to domestication of bacteriophages that are incorporated into the bacterial genome.

The association between obesity and breast cancer biology remains understudied in humans. Here, using a large retrospective data collection, the authors identify obesity associated changes in the genomic, transcriptomic profile, and the tumor microenvironment of primary untreated breast tumors.

Lawson et al. show that genetic inactivation of Phd1 or Phd2 hinders progression of AML and compromises leukemic stem cells. They develop a selective PHD inhibitor IOX5 and show therapeutic efficacy in AML, which can be potentiated with venetoclax.

Species’ range shifts projections are usually based on climate and land cover variables. Here, the authors use long-term records for bird species to show that species distribution models accounting for climate and land cover often fail to predict observed range shifts.

The ‘invariant rate of ageing’ hypothesis suggests that the rate of ageing tends to be constant within species. Here, Colchero et al. find support for the hypothesis across primates, including humans, suggesting biological constraints on the rate of ageing.

Current biological models for examining cancer immunobiology in a HIV infected context are lacking. Here the authors use a human-derived microphysiological model to represent the HIV immune system and assess the ability of transferred populations of NK cells in the targeting of tumours.

CoraFluors, a class of macrocyclic terbium complexes for use in time-resolved FRET, exhibit physicochemical properties desirable for biological studies, including characterization of Keap1 ligands and HDAC1 target engagement profiling in live cells.

Josephson junction arrays lead quantum circuitry research, vital for quantum computing, simulation, and metrology. Here the authors show that increasing the number of links in an atomtronic Josephson junction necklace enhances the atomic circuit’s resilience to higher circulations, corresponding to higher critical currents.

Lake fisheries are vulnerable to environmental changes. Here, Kao et al. develop a Bayesian networks model to analyze time-series data from 31 major fisheries lake across five continents, showing that fish catches can respond either positively or negatively to climate and land-use changes.

Oil-water emulsion techniques can be used for encapsulation of chemicals and control of reactivity, but is challenging for highly reactive materials such as acids and bases. Here, the authors report the encapsulation of bases by masking of reactivity with photo-removable protecting groups.

Improved base editing libraries enable high-throughput functional analysis of single-nucleotide variants in cancer.

Traditional systematic anti-seizure treatments alter brain-wide activity and often carry significant side effects. The authors engineered an inhibitory, acetylcholine receptor-based, chemogenetic tool to suppress targeted neurons, enabling control of chronic seizures in mice.

To date, patients still succumb to cancer, due to tumors not responding to therapy or ultimately acquiring resistance. Here the authors show that by exploiting patient derived organoids and a treatment-naïve patient derived xenograft, patient therapy can be personalized.