Mantle plumes are an integral aspect of Earth’s convection system, yet, difficulty in imaging mantle upwellings led to controversies surrounding their origin, dynamics and composition. This Review synthesizes geophysical, geodynamic and geochemical constraints on mantle plumes and their importance in the Earth system.
- Anthony A. P. Koppers
- Thorsten W. Becker
- Joanne M. Whittaker