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The authors record neural firing rates in a patient with ALS in completely locked-in state and show that the patient can modulate neural firing rates based on auditory feedback to select letters to form words and phrases to communicate his needs and experiences.

Correlations in momentum space between hadrons created by ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider provide insights into the strong interaction, particularly the short-range dynamics of hyperons—baryons that contain strange quarks.

Although progress in the coverage of routine measles vaccination in children in low- and middle-income countries was made during 2000–2019, many countries remain far from the goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019.

A high-resolution, global atlas of mortality of children under five years of age between 2000 and 2017 highlights subnational geographical inequalities in the distribution, rates and absolute counts of child deaths by age.

In the homologous recombination repair-deficient population of TALAPRO-2, a placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor talazoparib plus enzalutamide led to prolonged progression-free survival compared with placebo plus enzalutamide.

Cancer immune therapy utilizing interleukin 15 (Il-15) is hampered by the short half-life and systemic toxic effects of the cytokine. Here authors introduce a biomimetic nanovaccine, in which Il-15 and tumor-associated antigenic peptide/MHC-I complexes are co-anchored to cell membrane vesicles of dendritic cell origin, which elicits antigen-specific T cell response leading to superior anti-tumour effect in syngeneic mouse tumour models.

The detection of an Earth-mass planet orbiting our neighbour star α Centauri B is reported; the planet has an orbital period of 3.236 days and is about 0.04 astronomical units from the star.

Evan Eichler and colleagues use single-molecule molecular-inversion probes to sequence the coding and splicing regions of 208 candidate genes in more than 11,730 individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. They report 91 genes with an excess of de novo or private disruptive mutations, identify 25 genes showing a bias for autism versus intellectual disability, and highlight a network associated with high-functioning autism.

Time-reversal symmetry breaking has been recently observed in the normal state of kagome superconductors AV₃Sb₅. Here the authors show that this effect is significantly enhanced near the surface of RbV₃Sb₅ and occurs at temperatures higher than the onset of charge order, indicating its tunability under zero-field conditions.

Kang et al. reveal structural and functional differences in mitochondria across the hepatic lobule. Mitochondrial distinct phosphoproteome influences their functions highlighting how nutrient availability helps to shape mitochondria zonation.

Bhattacharjee and Schaeffer et al. map exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 94 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), finding increased EBF practice and reduced subnational variation across the majority of LMICs from 2000 to 2018. However, only six LMICs will meet WHO’s target of ≥70% EBF by 2030 nationally, and only three will achieve this in all districts.

Bennett et al. conducted a population-based study in adolescents and young adults with gliomas, revealing the specific molecular alterations and identifying potential subclassifications and targets.

Measurements of the inelastic cross section of anti-³He allow the estimation of the transparency of the Milky Way to the propagation of these light antinuclei produced in either cosmic-ray collisions or annihilation of dark-matter particles.

Monolithic 3D integration of complementary WSe₂ FETs has been achieved, featuring n-type FETs in tier 1 and p-type FETs in tier 2. Dense vias are realized using a pitch of less than 1 µm, facilitating 3D inverters as well as NAND and NOR logic functionalities.

How optimal behavioral states modulate hierarchical cortical computations remains unclear. Here, the authors show that unique and shared dependencies are differentially modulated across cortical layers during spatial attention.

Metagenome sequencing can now distinguish closely related microbes using long reads and haplotype phasing.

Comparative analysis of 162 genomes of Asgard archaea results in six newly proposed phyla, including a deep branch that is provisionally named Wukongarchaeota, and sheds light on the evolutionary history of this clade.

The direct measurement of the QCD dead cone in charm quark fragmentation is reported, using iterative declustering of jets tagged with a fully reconstructed charmed hadron.

Bacterial infections and sepsis are a major cause of mortality in preterm babies. Here Das and colleagues assess the paediatric immune response to bacterial infection in very preterm babies and identify blood immune markers that could improve accuracy of diagnostics to rule-out sepsis and guide antibiotic treatment.

Biofilm formation and antibiotic tolerance are regulated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the protein PA1396, which responds to diffusible signal factors (DSFs) produced by other bacteria. Here, An et al. synthesize DSF analogues that modulate PA1396 activity and thus biofilm formation and antibiotic tolerance.

Protection afforded by inorganic minerals is assumed to make mineral-associated organic carbon less susceptible to loss under climate change than particulate organic carbon. However, a global study of soil organic carbon from drylands suggests that this is not the case.

In this work, the authors report that tetrameric tip-link complex, pivotal for force transmission, forms slip-ideal-slip bonds under tension, serving as efficient force-filters in the auditory process.

While important for solar energy conversion, it is unclear whether electron transfer at molecular–semiconductor interfaces is influenced only by the distance over which the injected electron tunnels and whether specific through-bond pathways are active. Now, a pathway for electron transfer has been identified through comparative analysis of compounds with phenyl- or xylyl-thiophene bridges.

Cibisatamab is a T-cell bispecific antibody targeting the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on tumor cells and CD3 epsilon chain on T cells. Here the authors report the results of two clinical trials of cibisatamab as monotherapy (NCT02324257) and in combination with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1; NCT02650713) in patients with CEA-positive solid tumors.

Analysis of 20 chemical and morphological plant traits at diverse sites across 6 continents shows that the transition from semi-arid to arid zones is associated with an unexpected 88% increase in trait diversity.

Two below-threshold surface code memories on superconducting processors markedly reduce logical error rates, achieving high efficiency and real-time decoding, indicating potential for practical large-scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms.

Prevotella copri, together with other microbiota members, plays a key role in mediating the beneficial effects of a gut microbiota-directed complementary food for malnourished children on microbiota and host functions.

Genome-wide association analysis of an improved telomere length score, calculated from quantitative PCR and whole-genome sequencing measurements in 462,666 individuals in the UK Biobank, identifies novel genes and variants underlying this trait.

This study demonstrates how point defects in 2D semiconductors can be harnessed for neuromorphic computing. By using random telegraph noise in WSe₂ field-effect transistors, the researchers improve inference accuracy of noise-inflicted medical images.

A new method to quantify three masting components from individual tree-years has revealed that globally, masting is uncommon in tree species that depend on mutualist dispersers, with its distribution further mediated by climate and nutrient availability.

Vγ6⁺ Vδ1⁺ γδ T cells control tolerance to cold by activating adipocyte IL-17RC and promoting sympathetic innervation of thermogenic adipose tissue in mice.

A set of three papers in Nature reports a new proteomics resource from the UK Biobank and initial analysis of common and rare genetic variant associations with plasma protein levels.

High-resolution subnational mapping of child growth failure indicators for 105 low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 shows that, despite considerable progress, substantial geographical inequalities still exist in some countries.

An expanded GWAS of birth weight and subsequent analysis using structural equation modeling and Mendelian randomization decomposes maternal and fetal genetic contributions and causal links between birth weight, blood pressure and glycemic traits.