Search

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

Combination of epidemiology, preclinical models and ultradeep DNA profiling of clinical cohorts unpicks the inflammatory mechanism by which air pollution promotes lung cancer

IL11 contributes to the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here, the authors report that lipotoxicity-driven autocrine IL11 activity underlies hepatocyte metabolic dysfunction and death via a NOX4/ERK-mediated mechanism while paracrine IL11 activity stimulates hepatic stellate cells contributing to fibrosis and inflammation in the context of NASH.

Previous studies suggest that Cyclin D1 may regulate cell adhesion and migration but the mechanisms underlying such regulation and the relevance to cancer development are unknown. Here, Fusté et al. show that Cyclin D1/Cdk4 phosphorylates paxillin and thereby promotes cellular migration and metastasis.

Vibrational interactions are usually considered an obstacle to the creation and manipulation of quantum states; looking at the paradigmatic example of a driven quantum dot, the authors show how they could actually help to engineer optical states that are impossible to reach in the perfectly isolated case.

Immune lymphocyte estimation from nucleotide sequencing (ImmuneLENS) infers B cell and T cell fractions from whole-genome sequencing data. Applied to the 100,000 Genomes Project datasets, circulating T cell fraction provides sex-dependent and prognostic insights in patients.

Combining human proteome and transcriptome analyses and Mendelian randomization on a large genetic dataset of HFpEF and HFrEF cases, Rasooly et al. identified 58 potential therapeutic targets specific for either HEpEF or HFrEF and created their therapeutic target profiles.

Diurnal and seasonal rhythms modulate brain function, but we do not know the genomic basis for these rhythms. Here, Limet al. show diurnal and seasonal rhythms of gene expression in the human brain, their relationship to histone acetylation and DNA methylation, and their disruption in Alzheimer’s disease.

Lim and colleagues present the UK PROSECO study where they assess humoral and cellular immune responses to one, two and three doses of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with B-cell malignancies in a prospective observational study.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

A charge-density wave state was recently reported in the bilayer kagome metal ScV₆Sn₆, but its nature is debated. Here, using inelastic X-ray scattering, the authors observe two competing charge-density waves and find the ground state is promoted by a momentum-dependent electron-phonon interaction.

A fundamental understanding of nematic order is one of the most important issues to explore in the high temperature superconductors. Here, the authors unveil an internal spin structure of the nematic order in BaFe₂As₂ by using nuclear magnetic resonance under precisely controlled tunable strain.

Difficulties in elucidating active sites and the role of the support hamper the development of high-efficiency two-electron oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. Here, the authors develop hybrid single-atom catalysts by rational experimental and theoretical screening for hydrogen peroxide production.

Tan and colleagues conducted a single-cell multiomic analysis of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and identified a treatment-resistant subpopulation of bone marrow progenitor-like blasts associated with poor outcomes.

Rossby waves occur in rotating fluids. Here, the authors show observation of a Rossby wave second harmonic generation event in the middle atmosphere and confirm theoretically anticipated Rossby wave nonlinearity.

Genetic variation in modern humans can reveal information about a population’s history and migration patterns. Here, the authors describe the ancestry and geospatial genetic structure of the Netherlands, and demonstrate the utility of haplotype-based covariates in genome-wide association studies.

Electrocatalytic processes involving gas molecules are generally limited by low solubility in aqueous solutions. Here water endowed with permanent microporosity by silicalite-1 nanocrystals is used to concentrate O₂, allowing the measurement of the intrinsic activity of a Pt/C catalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Polyolefins are used across packaging, automotive and construction but variability in recycled polymer feedstocks renders it difficult to assure a consistent manufacturing quality. Here, the authors use rheology-simulated and extrusion-based recycling experiments to explore the degradation pathways of high-density polyethylene and present a rheology-based method to assess the quality of the recycled material.

It is important to understand the correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants for future vaccine design. Here, the authors show that the complement system enhances the antibody-mediated neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 via increased inhibition of virus-host interactions.

Human pathogenic-like Th17 cells express the chemokine receptor CCR6, but how CCR6, together with other chemokine receptors, modulate Th17 functions is still unclear. Here the authors show that CCR2 is coexpressed with CCR6 on these cells, and specifically mediates transendothelial migration, while CCR6 and other chemokine receptors induce T cell arrest on activated endothelial cells.

Triple-negative breast cancers are aggressive tumours, but their prognosis is critically determined by the immune cell activity within the microenvironment, with the more inflamed, hot milieu predicting better prognosis. Here authors show that the tumour draining lymph nodes, even if not invaded by the tumours, reflect the difference between the cold and hot tumours via differential Th2 polarization.

The prodrug gliocidin effectively kills glioblastoma cells by targeting de novo purine synthesis, improving survival in mouse models.

Early intermittent feeding of mice with a high-cholesterol Western-type diet accelerates atherosclerosis compared with late continuous exposure to the Western-type diet, despite similar cumulative circulating LDL-C levels.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

The ultimate understanding of glassy phenomena will impact fields ranging from materials science to biophysics. Here, the authors report a heterogeneous mixture of slow relaxing spins and fast fluctuating spins, in analogy to slush as a mixture of ice and liquid water.

In order to design cancer immune therapies, it is important to understand how tumours evade the immune response that is mounted against them. Authors here analyse the distribution and properties of immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma and describe a progressive tumour-immune co-evolution programme from early to late stage cancer.

Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here the authors show that subcutaneous administration of antisense oligonucleotides targeting PLN is an effective strategy in preclinical models of genetic cardiomyopathy and ischemia-driven heart failure.

A thermal signature of the chiral anomaly is reported in an ideal Weyl semimetal.

 In the Virgo galaxy cluster, we identified a continuum of objects that maps the morphological transition between nucleated dwarf galaxies and ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs), providing evidence for the formation of UCDs through tidal stripping of ancient dwarf galaxies.

Responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in different populations are important to define efficacy. Here the authors show using a cohort in Singapore that two doses of mRNA vaccine is less effective in recipients over 60 years of age and that a further dose of vaccine can improve these antibody levels.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

The molecular and cellular causes of glaucoma are not well understood. Here, the authors integrate GWAS with genetic regulation and single cell expression from multiple eye tissues to identify genes and key cell types that affect glaucoma pathogenesis.

The dynamics and durability of immune responses associated with protection against symptomatic infection in children offer insights to guide vaccination policies in pediatric populations.

Controlled manipulation of particles from very large volumes of fluid at high throughput is critical for many real-world applications. Here, the authors show bioparticle focusing in a microchannel for a previously unattained regime of inertio-elastic flow at Reynolds numbers up to 10,000.

Fluid frictional forces around cancer cells influence chemokine production and delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs but it is unclear if they directly impact tumour biology through biomechanical effects. Here, the authors show that wall shear stress stimulates cancer cell migration through a ROCK–LIMK–YAP axis.