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Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.

In contrast to bird plumage, little is known about the evolution of bird skin color. Here, Nicolaï et al. find that black skin has evolved over 100 times in birds and is associated with baldness and/or white feathers as well as with high irradiation habitats, suggesting a role in UV protection.

Multiomic factor analysis of blood multiomic data, including single-cell transcriptomics, for individuals with either acute or chronic coronary syndrome identifies immune cell signatures that correlate with treatment outcomes.

Results of the TRACERx study shed new light into the association between body composition and body weight with survival in individuals with non-small cell lung cancer, and delineate potential biological processes and mediators contributing to the development of cancer-associated cachexia.

Neutrophil adhesion is tightly regulated to enforce protective immunity, but it is unclear how mechanochemical processes such as catch bonds and slip bonds modulate neutrophilsin vivo. Here the authors show that a point mutation in the adhesion molecule L-selectin alters mechanochemical regulation to affect neutrophil functions in mice.

Electron transport in semiconducting polymers is usually inferior to hole transport, which is ascribed to charge trapping on defect sites. The observation of an identical electron-trap distribution in a range of materials now points to a common origin of these states that, as calculations suggest, may be related to hydrated oxygen complexes.

The ecological roles of color are well-studied but environmental factors associated with color variation less so. Here, the authors examine coloration in 1249 squamates, finding that brightness evolution is associated with open habitat and temperature.

The interplay between amyloid and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease is still not well understood. Here, the authors show that amyloid-related increased in soluble p-tau is related to subsequent accumulation of tau aggregates and cognitive decline in early stage of the disease.

Immune lymphocyte estimation from nucleotide sequencing (ImmuneLENS) infers B cell and T cell fractions from whole-genome sequencing data. Applied to the 100,000 Genomes Project datasets, circulating T cell fraction provides sex-dependent and prognostic insights in patients.

The authors identify a DNA-protein crosslink (DPC) repair pathway orchestrated by poly-ADP-ribosylation. In this process, PARP1 PARylates the DPC, marking it for removal by proteolysis. Consequently, PARP1 facilitates the repair of DPCs located next to DNA breaks, such as topoisomerase 1-DPCs.

Deep-frying produces foods with a porous texture, but this also raises concerns about the final oil content. Here, the authors study the pore formation of dough during rapid heating and show how oil uptake depends on the porous structure created.

Combining geographic information, climate data and colour mechanism at broad phylogenetic and spatial scales, the authors determine how transitions between pigmentary and structural colours influence bird speciation dynamics.

Measurements of subclonal expansion of ctDNA in the plasma before surgery may enable the prediction of future metastatic subclones, offering the possibility for early intervention in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Manju Kurian and colleagues report heterozygous variants in KMT2B in 27 unrelated individuals with a complex progressive childhood-onset dystonia, often associated with a typical facial appearance. Their findings highlight a clinically recognizable form of dystonia and demonstrate a crucial role for KMT2B in the physiological control of voluntary movement.

Tau accumulation is associated with disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease. Here the authors use resting state fMRI and tau-PET to demonstrate that baseline connectivity in Alzheimer's disease is associated with tau spreading.

The dynamics of antigenic variation in extravascular parasite populations using VSG-seq, a high-throughput sequencing approach for profiling variant surface glycoproteins expressed in populations of Trypanosoma brucei, are explored, showing the role of extravascular spaces in pathogen diversification.

Computational and machine-learning approaches that integrate genomic and transcriptomic variation from paired primary and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer samples from the TRACERx cohort reveal the role of transcriptional events in tumour evolution.

Ultrafast quantum control of helium atoms is obtained by shaping the extreme ultraviolet pulses generated by a seeded free-electron laser.

Analysis of whole-genome doubling (WGD) by using cancer sequencing data combined with simulations of tumor evolution suggests that there is negative selection against homozygous loss of essential genes before WGD but not after.

Analyses of the TRACERx study unveil the relationship between tissue morphology, the underlying evolutionary genomic landscape, and clinical and anatomical relapse risk of lung adenocarcinomas.

Elezaby et al. show that cardiac troponin I interacts with mitochondrial ATP synthase to increase ATPase activity. Disrupting this interaction reduces cardiac damage following transient ischemia.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loss of heterozygosity, allele-specific mutation and measurement of expression and repression (MHC Hammer) detects disruption to human leukocyte antigens due to mutations, loss of heterogeneity, altered gene expression or alternative splicing. Applied to lung and breast cancer datasets, the tool shows that these aberrations are common across cancer and can have clinical implications.

Analyses of multiregional tumour samples from 421 patients with non-small cell lung cancer prospectively enrolled to the TRACERx study reveal determinants of tumour evolution and relationships between intratumour heterogeneity and clinical outcome.

Using G•U wobble base pairs at specific loci increases RNA base-editing precision and efficiency.

The KL-VS haplotype of the Klotho gene has been associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Here the authors show an association between the KL-VS haplotype and amyloid-dependent tau accumulation using PET data.

In Greenlandic Inuit, a TBC1D4 loss-of-function mutation increases type 2 diabetes risk by tenfold. Carriers show severe muscle insulin resistance, impaired glucose disposal and reduced muscle GLUT4, yet exercise mitigates these defects, offering potential for personalized lifestyle interventions.

The BIN1 SNP rs744373 is associated with higher CSF tau and phosphorylated tau levels. Here the authors show, using PET imaging, that this SNP is associated with tau accumulation in the brain as well as impaired memory in older individuals without dementia.

A longitudinal evolutionary analysis of 126 lung cancer patients with metastatic disease reveals the timing of metastatic divergence, modes of dissemination and the genomic events subject to selection during the metastatic transition.

Using trait-dependent biogeographic models to analyse data for >7,000 tetrapod species, the authors show that large body size and a fast life history strategy facilitate dispersal success, although this was also true for small body size and a slow life history strategy in a minority of clades.

Mixed responses to targeted therapy within a patient are a clinical challenge. Here the authors show that TP53 loss-of-function cooperates with whole genome doubling which increases chromosomal instability. This leads to greater cellular diversity and multiple routes of resistance, which in turn promotes mixed responses to treatment.

Formaldehyde can trigger formation of interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) or DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) leading to genome instability. Here the authors show that EXO1 limits replication stress and DNA damage to counteract formaldehyde-induced genome instability.

Patient-derived xenografts are important tools for cancer drug development. Here, the authors develop models from 22 non-small cell lung cancer patients. They show genomic differences between models created from different spatial regions of tumours and a bottleneck on model establishment.

A high proportion of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases in Denmark were sequenced during the pandemic and linked to demographic, spatial and temporal data. Here, the authors analyse 290,000 genomes sampled in 2021 to demonstrate the value of this high coverage, detailed data set.

Combination of epidemiology, preclinical models and ultradeep DNA profiling of clinical cohorts unpicks the inflammatory mechanism by which air pollution promotes lung cancer

Chromosomal instability enables the continuous selection of somatic copy number alterations, which are established as ordered events that often occur in parallel, throughout tumour evolution and metastasis.

Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin (mHtt) protein. Here the authors suggest that mHtt promotes ribosome stalling and inhibits protein synthesis.

Angular-resolved photoemission data is commonly used to determine the 3D electronic structure assuming free-electron final states. Strocov et al. show that even at high excitation energies the complexity of final states in various materials can go far beyond the free-electron picture.

In lung adenocarcinoma, antibodies against endogenous retroviruses promote anti-tumour activity, and expression of endogenous retroviruses can predict outcomes of immunotherapy.