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Using single-neuron recordings in patients with epilepsy, Kunz et al. show that stimulus-specific neurons activate together during hippocampal ripples when humans encode and retrieve associative memories.

The factors that determine the direction of traveling waves in the brain are not well understood. Here, the authors show that the sum of incoming structural connection strengths shape both traveling wave direction and frequency gradients.

Based on optically breaking time-reversal symmetry by spin polarizing a gain medium with a circularly polarized optical pump, an integrated scheme for controlling the chirality of orbital angular momentum lasing is demonstrated.

It is hoped that simulations of molecules and materials will provide a near-term application of quantum computers. A study of the performance of error mitigation highlights the obstacles to scaling up these calculations to practically useful sizes.

Amygdala and hippocampus are involved in processing motivationally salient stimuli but the precise circuit dynamics of the interaction is not understood. Here the authors show that in response to fearful faces in humans, theta/alpha oscillations in the amygdala modulate hippocampal activity dynamics.

A single electron spin in silicon is dressed by a microwave field to create a new qubit with tangible advantages for quantum computation and nanoscale research.

Precise gravimetric measurements are an important but challenging task. Here, Qvarfort et al. theoretically show that, in an optomechanical cavity, only the phase of the optical output needs to be measured to obtain a precise value for the gravitational acceleration with high sensitivity.

Researchers demonstrate a reconfigurable integrated quantum photonic circuit. The device comprises a two-qubit entangling gate, several Hadamard-like gates and eight variable phase shifters. The set-up is used to generate entangled states, violate a Bell-type inequality with a continuum of partially entangled states and demonstrate the generation of arbitrary one-qubit mixed states.

The distribution of quantum computations is demonstrated between two photonically interconnected trapped-ion modules, using repeatable, deterministic teleported controlled-Z gates to perform Grover’s search algorithm.

Characterizing quantum states is vital for quantum information or metrology tasks, but it remains challenging. Here, by a combination of weak and strong measurements, the authors directly measure the probability amplitudes of a pure state in the orbital angular momentum basis with dimensionality of 27.

Sleep after learning helps to strengthen new memories. Here, the authors link this memory benefit to the reactivation of learning experiences when two endogenous sleep rhythms—slow oscillations and sleep spindles—coincide.

El-Gaby et al. combine multiunit recordings and optogenetic silencing in the mouse hippocampus and uncover a primary role for millisecond-timescale neural coactivity in encoding behavioral contingency information and supporting memory retrieval.

Liu et al. theoretically study maximally-twisted homo-bilayers, such as 45^∘-twisted bilayer cuprates and 30^∘-twisted bilayer graphene. Through renormalization group and Monte-Carlo calculations, the authors reveal the presence of charge-4e superconductivity and chiral-metal phases in the phase diagram.

Understanding functional role of different neuronal cell types is challenging. Here the authors associate multi-modal in vitro cell properties with in vivo physiology of mouse visual cortex.

Brain slices offer an experimental window into human neurophysiology. Using high-density microelectrode array recordings and adeno-associated virus–mediated optogenetics, the authors demonstrate that optogenetic targeting of CAMK2A+ neurons can affect network activity in human hippocampal slices.

Repeated error correction creates a logical qubit encoded in the hybrid state of a superconducting circuit and a bosonic cavity, which is shown to be fully controllable under a universal single-qubit gate set.

Russo et al. show that context-specific place cell assemblies support hippocampal integration of past experiences into future plans during goal-directed behavior and propose a biophysical mechanism behind the formation of goal dependent theta sequences.

The recently-developed topological heavy fermion model explains the low energy electrons of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene as a hybridization between states localized at AA stacking sites and itinerant topological states, denoted by f and c electrons in analogy to heavy fermion systems. Here, the authors extend this model to a nonzero magnetic field, obtaining interacting Hofstadter spectra in the flatband limit by analytic methods.

Detecting neural signals in white matter remains a challenge. Here, the authors introduce an isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient fMRI contrast based on neuromorphological coupling, which provides sensitivity to neural signals in both grey and white matter in the human brain.

A study integrating single-cell RNA-sequencing and electrophysiology data shows that in mouse, the cellular repertoire of the thalamic reticular nucleus is characterized by a transcriptomic gradient defined at its extremes by mutually exclusive expression of Spp1 and Ecel1, providing insights into the organizational principles underlying the divergent functions of this brain region.

The ability to assemble weakly-interacting subsystems is a prerequisite for implementing quantum-information processing. In recent years, molecular nanomagnets have been proposed as suitable candidates for qubit encoding and manipulation, with antiferromagnetic Cr₇Ni rings of particular interest. It has now been shown that such rings can be chemically linked to each other and the coupling between their spins tuned through the choice of chemical linker.

Dopamine tone modulation generates changes in beta oscillation physiology. Here the authors show beta frequency, and not power, coherence, phase-locking, or PAC is monotonically linked to dopamine tone and is likely the key property of pathological oscillations in cortical and basal ganglia networks.

Superconducting giant atoms are realized in a waveguide by coupling small atoms to the waveguide at multiple discrete locations, producing tunable atom–waveguide coupling and enabling decoherence-free interactions.

Camacho et al. show that emotion concepts are represented throughout the brain, giving insight to how the brain perceives real-world emotions. These patterns are present before children enter school and become more standardized across adolescence.

Single phosphorus dopants in silicon are one of the physical systems that could be used for quantum information technology. It is now shown that bismuth dopants have similar properties to their phosphorus counterparts, and could offer even more possibilities for quantum information applications.

Current ultrasound transducers are bulky and rigid. Here, the authors describe a new way to realize large-area and mechanically flexible ultrasound arrays on polymer foils suited for wearable ultrasound applications

Specialized cell types in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), such as grid cells, are thought to provide spatial information to the hippocampus. Here the authors show that MEC lesions disrupt hippocampal theta phase precession, which suggests that the MEC is critical for cognitive functions that depend on precisely timed neuronal activity.

Long-range Ising interactions present in one-dimensional spin chains can induce a confining potential between pairs of domain walls, slowing down the thermalization of the system. This has now been observed in a trapped-ion quantum simulator.

Zheng et al. show neural evidence for a functional role of phase precession in human episodic memory.

Multipartite entanglement is of both fundamental and practical interest, but is notoriously difficult to witness and characterise. Here, Zarkeshian et al. demonstrate multipartite entanglement in an atomic frequency comb storing a single photon in a Dicke state spread over a macroscopic ensemble.

The whisking oscillator—consisting of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons located in the vibrissa intermediate reticular nucleus—in mice is an all-inhibitory network and recurrent synaptic inhibition has a key role in its rhythmogenesis.

The use of machine learning to characterise quantum states has been demonstrated, but usually training the algorithm using data from the same state one wants to characterise. Here, the authors show an algorithm that can learn all states that share structural similarities with the ones used for the training.

A system for realizing many-photon quantum circuits is presented, comprising a programmable nanophotonic chip operating at room temperature, interfaced with a fully automated control system.

Using intracranial EEG in human participants, the authors identify a functionally distinct set of brain regions which exhibited characteristic signatures of decision formation independently of the motor action associated with the choice.