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Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Data from a variety of sources—including satellite, climate and soil data, as well as field-collected information on plant traits—are pooled and analysed to map the functional diversity of tropical forest canopies globally.

Inventory data from more than 1 million trees across African, Amazonian and Southeast Asian tropical forests suggests that, despite their high diversity, just 1,053 species, representing a consistent ~2.2% of tropical tree species in each region, constitute half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees.

Here they show that HDAC6 inhibition regulates fumarate hydratase (FH), disrupts mitochondria, increases fumarate, and causes cancer cell death. This suggests that HDAC6 inhibition could be a strategy to target tumour metabolism indirectly.

Here Rodrigueset al. report an optical metamaterial with tailored chiroptical effects in the nonlinear regime, which exhibits a pronounced shift in its circular dichroism spectrum under a modest level of excitation power.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Drought is a growing issue in tropical rainforests. Here, the authors revisit a long-term rainfall manipulation experiment in the Amazon to show that tree mortality was followed by community-level adjustments to reduced precipitation.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Two Co single crystal surfaces remain metallic up to 1 bar during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The observed intermediates support the carbide mechanism as the reaction pathway. By adding and removing CO we can follow the dynamics of the (dis)appearance of intermediates.

Colonna and colleagues show that the transcription factor Aiolos controls chromatin accessibility and histone acetylation at genes linked to the activation of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.

Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to combat antimicrobial resistance. Here, Munk et al. analyse ARGs in hundreds of sewage samples from 101 countries and describe regional patterns, diverse genetic environments of common ARGs, and ARG-specific transmission patterns.

Biomphalaria glabrata is a fresh water snail that acts as a host for trematode Schistosoma mansoni that causes intestinal infection in human. This work describes the genome and transcriptome analyses from 12 different tissues of B glabrata, and identify genes for snail behavior and evolution.

The causes of the Upper Pleistocene megafauna extinction in Australia and New Guinea are debated, but fossil data are lacking for much of this region. Here, Hocknull and colleagues report a new, diverse megafauna assemblage from north-eastern Australia that persisted until ~40,000 years ago.

Testis-restricted melanoma antigen (MAGE) proteins function as substrate adapters for E3 ubiquitin ligases. Biochemical and structural analyses of MAGE-A11 provide insight into the substrate binding mode of MAGE proteins and enable discovery of potent, cytotoxic inhibitors of MAGE-A11:substrate interaction.

Here, the authors evaluate the performance of AlphaFold2 and its predicted structures on common structural biological applications, including missense variants, function and ligand binding site prediction, modeling of interactions and modeling of experimental structural data.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the surface composition of iron and ruthenium catalysts during ammonia synthesis at pressures up to 1 bar and temperatures as high as 723 K can be revealed.

Although progress in the coverage of routine measles vaccination in children in low- and middle-income countries was made during 2000–2019, many countries remain far from the goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019.

Tussiwand and colleagues show that an uncommitted precursor expressing the lymphoid-specific factor TdT generates a large fraction of myeloid and a substantial fraction of erythro-megakaryocyte cells.

From 1980 to 2018, the levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreased in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe.

Adult forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are of a polygenic nature, but paediatric and very early onset (VEO) IBD also occur as monogenic forms. Here, using whole exome sequencing, the authors explore both the monogenic and polygenic contribution to VEO-IBD and characterize a rare somatic mosaic VEO-IBD patient.

The LITMUS consortium provides a resource of rodent MASLD models benchmarked against metabolic, histologic and transcriptomic features that are relevant for human MASLD. The work is useful for selecting relevant rodent models for studying this common disease.

Mendelian defects in genes encoding factors that regulate telomere length, structure and function cause telomeropathies, or telomere biology disorders (TBDs). The authors review confirmed as well as potential TBD-causing genes and their main functions in telomere biology. They also discuss genetic features that underlie the complex nature of these diseases.

A pan-Amazon study of forests shows large variations in drought tolerance traits and finds that forests in regions of pronounced climate change are losing biomass and may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits.

Single-nucleus and spatial, whole-transcriptome profiling of 43 pancreatic adenocarcinomas provides a refined molecular and cellular classification, highlighting a new neoadjuvant treatment-associated neural-like progenitor tumor cell state.

After loss of MSL2, a class of dosage-sensitive genes transitions from biallelic to monoallelic expression, whereby one allele remains active, retaining active histone modifications and transcription factor binding, and the other allele is silenced, exhibiting loss of promoter–enhancer contacts and the acquisition of DNA methylation.

Tussiwand and colleagues show that pDCs develop predominantly from IL-7R⁺ lymphoid progenitor cells and that mature pDCs are transcriptionally and functionally heterogenous, on the basis of their lymphoid or myeloid lineage.

Contrary to the view that urbanization is a major driver of the global rise in obesity, the global increase in body-mass index is shown to be mostly due to increases in the body-mass indexes of rural populations.

Maha Farhat, Megan Murray and colleagues report whole-genome sequencing of 116 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains selected to be representative of both global diversity and drug resistance. The authors develop a new method to search for resistance markers in microbial genomes based on reconstructing a genome-wide phylogeny and identifying regions showing convergent evolution, and they use this method to identify 39 new candidate drug resistance regions in the M. tuberculosis genome.

NLRP3 activation by Leishmania parasites is critical to the outcome of the disease. Here the authors show that LRV, a virus infecting Leishmania strains associated with more severe human disease, enables the parasite to suppress the inflammasome by activating type 1 interferon through TLR3, which leads to autophagy-mediated NLRP3 degradation.

Bright star \(\nu\) Indi shows elevated levels of alpha-process elements, suggesting great age, and is kinematically heated, probably from the merger of a dwarf galaxy with the Milky Way. Chaplin et al. make a case for \(\nu\) Indi being an accurate indicator of the timing for the Gaia–Enceladus merger.

Rare truncating mutations in the p53-inducible protein phosphatase PPM1D are shown to be associated with predisposition to breast cancer and ovarian cancer; notably, all of the mutations are mosaic in white blood cells but are not present in tumours, and probably have a gain-of-function effect.

TRACERx Lung: Intratumoral transcriptional heterogeneity, which often hinders the development of clinically useful RNA-expression-biased biomarkers for cancer, can now be overcome with an approach for the identification of clonal expression biomarkers.

An autonomous robotic platform enables high-throughput, low-cost, and high-volume phenotypic measurements in maize canopies, facilitating the understanding of genotype, environment, and management interactions (GxExM) with high accuracy.

Studies employing machine-learning (ML) tools in the chemical sciences often report their evaluations in a heterogeneous way. The evaluation guidelines provided in this Perspective should enable more rigorous ML reporting.