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Several possible points of origin have been proposed for the spread of ceramic technology in Saharan Africa between 11–10,000 years ago. Here, the authors statistically model the spatio-temporal diffusion of ceramic technology using radiocarbon dates to suggest two or three origins spanning Saharan Africa.

The microbiomes associated with reef corals are complex and diverse. Here, the authors investigate fire coral clones naturally occurring in distinct habitats as a model system to disentangle the contribution of host genotype and environment on their microbiome, and predict genomic functions based on taxonomic profiles.

Whether paternal pre-conceptual SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts sperm RNA content, or effects offspring phenotypes, has not been previously investigated. Here authors report changes in sperm noncoding RNAs in SARS-CoV-2 infected sires and increased anxiety-like behaviors in offspring.

A global research network monitoring the Amazon for 30 years reports in this study that tree size increased by 3% each decade.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Here, the authors reveal that protozoal communities shape rumen microbiome structure, offering fresh insights into how these complex communities coordinate essential metabolic tasks across multiple microbial domains.

Here, the authors report that combining Army Liposome Formulation with QS21 saponin (ALFQ) and Alum to formulate the ΔV1gp120 boost decreases the risk of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) mac251 acquisition in female macaques.

Phaeocystales are ecologically significant nanoplankton whose evolutionary history and functional diversity remain incompletely characterized. Here, the authors integrate genomic and transcriptomic data to reveal their lineage diversification, metabolic plasticity, and adaptation to polar and temperate regimes.

The gut microbiota can influence the severity of pneumonia through the production of metabolites. In this translational study, the authors investigate the effects of tryptophan metabolites, specifically indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), on pneumonia.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

This Bayesian statistical method uses timeseries microbiome data to infer interaction modules and is tested using a faecal transplant experiment in mice.

Selecting for varieties of commercial crops with enhanced nutritional quality is important in agriculture. Here, the authors identify alleles of a gene in tomatoes that give rise to increased levels of vitamin E and find that the promoter of the gene is differentially methylated.

Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.

Current first-line treatments of pediatric UC maintain a 6-month remission in only half of the patients. Here, applying multi-omics on intestinal biopsies from treatment-naïve children, the authors show that relapse-prediction using separate omics data is outperformed by a robust machine learning approach combining microbiomes and epigenomes.

Chen et al. show that PEX39 cooperates with PEX7 in the peroxisomal import of proteins containing a PTS2 site and uncover an (R/K)PWE motif in PEX39 and PEX13 that binds to PEX7 and facilitates the import of PTS2-containing proteins.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated condition. This study presents a drug-free treatment strategy for IBD that targets bacterial adhesion, utilizing mannan oligosaccharide-loaded porous microgels to selectively capture adherent-invasive E. coli and competitively inhibit bacterial colonization on the gut epithelium.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Engineering a mutant-specific customized base editor precisely corrects a mutation while minimizing bystander edits, leading to substantial phenotypic recovery in mouse models of multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome.

Managing power exhaust in fusion reactors is a key challenge, especially in compact designs for cost-effective commercial energy. This study shows how alternative divertor configurations improve exhaust control, enhance stability, absorb transients and enable independent plasma regulation.

Sperry et al. used machine learning approaches to investigate profiles of mood instability and create a prediction model for clinical and functioning outcomes using data from the Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder.

A conserved network of bacteria and fungi underpins cadaver decomposition despite selection effects of location, climate and season.

Here, the authors show that vancomycin-resistant enterococci grow in the antibiotic-treated gut microbiome by utilising enriched nutrients in the presence of reduced concentrations of inhibitory microbial metabolites.

In a case of obligate cross-species cloning, female ants of Messor ibericus need to clone males of Messor structor to obtain sperm for producing the worker caste, resulting in males from the same mother having distinct genomes and morphologies.

Photo-induced charge separation in organic semiconductors usually occurs at interfaces between electron donors and acceptors. Here, the authors show using photoluminescence measurements that charge separation is intrinsic and directional in organic crystalline nanowires made of stacked monomers.

Imidazole propionate produced by gut microbiota is associated with atherosclerosis in mouse models and in humans, and causes the development of atherosclerosis through activation of the imidazoline-1 receptor in myeloid cells.

Perineural invasion and cancer-induced nerve injury of tumour-associated nerves are associated with poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy, which can be reversed by combining anti-PD-1 therapy with anti-inflammatory interventions.

The combination of isotopic tracers with root phenotyping reveals specific patterns in photosynthate allocation. These patterns are reflected in rhizodeposition and result in spatially distinct microbiomes within the plant root system.

Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to combat antimicrobial resistance. Here, Munk et al. analyse ARGs in hundreds of sewage samples from 101 countries and describe regional patterns, diverse genetic environments of common ARGs, and ARG-specific transmission patterns.

Microbiome analyses of living trees show that a single tree can host approximately one trillion bacteria, with microbial communities distinctly partitioned between heartwood and sapwood and with minimal similarity to other tissues or ecosystem components.

Phytoplankton-bacteria interactions regulate the health of marine ecosystems; however, how these interactions are established remains unclear. Here, the authors isolate 15 phytoplankton strains and track the dynamics of their microbiome, identifying specialist and generalist bacteria and the genomic traits enabling these distinct partnerships.

In this study, the authors report and analyze four complete genomes of respiratory endosymbionts to show that they carry the potential to breathe both oxygen and nitrogen oxides providing energy to their hosts. These organisms likely represent a snapshot in the evolutionary transition from symbiont to organelle.

Previous reports of microbial endemism have been restricted to sub-genus level taxa. Here, Power et al. present evidence supporting that a bacterial genus, Venenivibrio, is endemic to Aotearoa-New Zealand.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex and chronic gastrointestinal disorder associated with dysregulation of the gut-brain axis. Here, the authors develop an engineered microalgae that can address the pharmacokinetic complications of IBS and achieve the treatment of multi-organ symptoms.

Experimental perturbation of soil pH leads to a generalizable model of the soil microcosm comprising three functional regimes with distinct mechanisms linking environmental change to metabolite dynamics.

Data from a variety of sources—including satellite, climate and soil data, as well as field-collected information on plant traits—are pooled and analysed to map the functional diversity of tropical forest canopies globally.

Anaerobic digesters play an important role in biodegradation. In the MiDAS 5 project, the authors use global 16S rRNA sequencing to expand the microbial reference database, improving taxonomic classification and revealing how environmental factors and geography shape microbial communities in anaerobic digesters.

Coupling of ecology and evolution in microbiomes can lead to time-dependent community interactions. Here, the authors introduce Dynamic Covariance Mapping (DCM), an approach to quantify the community matrix and, with high-resolution lineage tracking, show how inter- and intra-species interactions shape the dynamics of mouse gut colonization.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Microbial communities are responsible for biological wastewater treatment. Here, Dueholm et al. generate more than 5 million high-quality, full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences from wastewater treatment plants across the world to construct a database with a comprehensive taxonomy, providing insights into diversity and function of these microbial communities.

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is a widely used method in histopathology, but it cannot directly inform about specific molecular markers. Here, the authors present ROSIE, a deep-learning framework that computationally imputes the expression and localisation of dozens of proteins from H&E images.