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The neural circuits that transmit cool signals remain not fully understood. Here, authors identify a spinal circuit in mice that transmits cool sensations from the skin to the brain, revealing a dedicated neural pathway for detecting innocuous cool temperatures.

Analysis of the cool brown dwarf Gliese 229 B suggests that it is actually a close binary of two less massive brown dwarfs, explaining its low luminosity and settling the conflict between theoretical predictions and measurements.

Low-mass, low-metallicity cool subdwarf stars are rare in the solar neighbourhood, and therefore their properties are not well constrained observationally. Here the authors report both a mass and radius determination of a cool subdwarf in an eclipsing binary system, providing a valuable data point.

Evidence of a large temperature difference between dawn and dusk has been observed on the exoplanet WASP-107 b. This planet is so cool that it was not expected to exhibit this phenomenon, implying a need to further explore the exoplanet population.

Methane emission from a very cool brown dwarf, perhaps arising from an aurora, has been detected in James Webb Space Telescope observations.

Urban temperature reductions associated with tree canopy expansion are 35% higher than those of cool roofs in Boston, but cool roofs can have higher heat exposure reductions in dense regions of the city, according to an analysis of climate data and vulnerability-weighted heat exposure over 2021-2022

Microbe-mediated oxidation may account for at least 5% of the global dissolved organic carbon loss from the deep ocean, according to carbon isotope analyses on cool crustal fluids circulating through the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Heller et al. showed dense longitudinal imaging in four females, including one with endometriosis and one using oral contraceptives, and the finding that different hormonal milieus influence widespread brain volume changes linked to progesterone or estradiol.

Light echoes from the massive binary star η Carinae reveal it to have been much cooler than models suggest during its Great Eruption in 1840 but the cause of the eruption remains unknown.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

Increasing the temperature of chemical systems often speeds up reactions, however, it can be expensive and inefficient to heat an entire reaction system. Here, researchers study the impact on electrochemical reactions by only heating the surfaces of electrodes.

Microwave heating has become a useful tool in catalysis to obtain chemical products under unconventional reaction conditions. Now, researchers have demonstrated low-temperature water splitting to produce hydrogen using microwave catalysis and revealed the important role of reduced oxides in the process.

An Earth-sized planet is observed orbiting a nearby star within the liquid-water, habitable zone, the atmospheric composition of which could be determined from future observations.

A large brain imaging study of over 2000 people worldwide shows that fear conditioning engages brain regions linked to emotion and attention, with differences in individuals with anxiety or depression and strong influences from task design.

Silane, which is a precursor to the sandy surfaces of rocky planets and dusty clouds on gas giants, is seen directly in another world—a low-metallicity brown dwarf in which oxidation is slow and gas mixing is fast.

The Panoptes antiphage system defends bacteria by detecting phage-encoded counter-defences that sequester cyclic nucleotide signals, triggering membrane disruption and highlighting a broader strategy of sensing immune evasion through second-messenger surveillance.

'What' and 'where' pathways are recognized in the visual system, but do they exist in auditory cortex? A new study uses reversible inactivation to demonstrate a double dissociation between two cortical regions in two tasks.

Photosynthesis declines at mild temperatures in terrestrial plants. Here, the authors use published data to show that decline in photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation rate with rising temperatures can be accounted for by Rubisco deactivation and declines in chloroplast electron transport rate.

To lose weight, would you rather diet, exercise or subject yourself to cool temperatures? The last choice is not such an odd one, as adult humans have brown fat tissue that burns calories in response to cold.

Cool-1 was previously identified as an effector of activated Cdc42 and as a regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) trafficking. Cool-1 has now been shown to be a phosphorylation-dependent activator of Cdc42 that contributes to transformation by Src, thus proving to be an unusually versatile signalling protein.

Some solids - say, powdered raw materials in a conduit - often become jammed. Are the properties of such jammed solids different to those of ordinary solids? The answer 'yes' comes from a paper in which it is proposed that they should really be considered as belonging to a new class of materials known as fragile matter which, because of its unusual mechanical properties, requires a new theoretical description.

To make Mars colonization cheaper by reducing the heavy supplies needed from Earth, scientists have created a highly efficient recycling system that turns carbon dioxide and hydrogen into fresh water and rocket fuel (methane), and it works reliably even with the inconsistent solar power available on Mars.

Debio 1453, a FabI inhibitor, shows potent activity against antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, rapidly killing bacteria in vitro and clearing infection in mice, supporting its potential for treating drug-resistant gonorrhoea.

Indium phosphide is the material of choice for bright and color-pure quantum dots for next-generation displays. This study identifies the photophysical processes that have until now prevented the development of lasers based on these particles.

The authors test whether a wide array of marine and terrestrial animal species occupy the full extent of their potential geographic range based on thermal tolerances. They find that many species are underfilling the warm part of their potential range, suggesting that biotic interactions can limit occupancy in climatically suitable areas adjacent to their ranges.

Spin–photon interfaces provide a connection between quantum information stored in atomic or electronic spins and optical communications networks. A quantum photon emitter with long-lived, controllable coherent spin has now been demonstrated.

A systematic census at 1,636 sites around Australia from 2008 to 2021 finds that more than 30% of shallow invertebrate species in cool latitudes exhibit a high extinction risk due to declining populations and oceanic barriers, but tropical coral species remain relatively stable.

Coherent quantum transition spectroscopy of the spin of a single antiproton is reported, demonstrating Rabi oscillations of the spin and enabling improved measurement of matter/antimatter symmetry using proton and antiproton magnetic moments.

Here the authors design tripeptides that form dynamic soluble dispersions and undergo phase separation upon drying to assemble into porous particles. This evaporation-driven emulsification can be harnessed to encapsulate and stabilize biomolecules.

Contrary to expectations from pollen and dust records, Southern Hemisphere subtropical regions experienced the greatest climatic moisture during glacial periods of the Late Pleistocene, which may not have been an obstacle to movement and expansion of animals and plants.

Superconductivity can be quenched at large dc currents and it can be stimulated by a high-power microwave ac stimulus. Here, the authors investigate the dc- and microwave-driven quenching in a Nb superconductor in the presence of vortices and the factors contributing to the competition between the stimulation and quenching of the superconducting state.

Chiral luminescent materials are of increasing interest in various applications, but achieving a desirable balance of properties can be challenging. Here, the authors report the development of Eu-based complexes with chiral luminescence and aggregation induced emission.

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is a widely used method in histopathology, but it cannot directly inform about specific molecular markers. Here, the authors present ROSIE, a deep-learning framework that computationally imputes the expression and localisation of dozens of proteins from H&E images.

Here Yan et al. assess the community dynamics that are driving biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships across the world’s reef fishes. While reef fish abundances and species richness have similar impacts on productivity in temperate regions, productivity in the tropics is driven by abundances.

The successful laser cooling of trapped antihydrogen, the antimatter atom formed by an antiproton and a positron (anti-electron), is reported.

An E. coli–thylakoid hybrid is produced in which the thylakoid can convert solar energy into energy molecules, such as ATP and NADPH. A dual-channel energy pathway, combining energy molecule supply and electron transfer, enables the E. coli–thylakoid hybrid to produce H₂ at a rate of \(15.1\,{\mathrm{mmol}}\,{\mathrm{h}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{dcw}}^{-1}\).