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The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Pulmonary embolism is the leading cause of in-hospital death and the third most frequent cause of cardiovascular death. In this Review, Mahfoud and colleagues discuss the growing range of interventional, catheter-based approaches for the treatment of pulmonary embolism as well as risk stratification and patient selection for these procedures.

Structural variants (SVs) in human genomes contribute diversity and diseases. Here, the authors use a multi-platform strategy to generate haplotype-resolved SVs for three human parent–child trios.

New Zealand implemented stringent COVID-19 control measures early after identification of its first case. Here, the authors perform whole genome sequencing of samples taken until 22 May 2020 and find high viral diversity indicative of multiple separate introductions and limited community transmission.

Structures of the growing peptide chain on and off the ribosome reveal that the ribosome destabilizes the unfolded nascent chain, promoting the formation of partially folded intermediate states.

Intragastrically delivered polymeric micelles releasing butyrate along the intestinal tract restore barrier-protective responses in mouse models of peanut allergy and colitis.

Safely opening university campuses has been a major challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, the authors describe a program of public health measures employed at a university in the United States which, combined with other non-pharmaceutical interventions, allowed the university to stay open in fall 2020 with limited evidence of transmission.

Genomic epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae isolates recovered between 2016 and 2019 during the Yemen cholera outbreak reveals acquisition of multidrug resistance and patterns of plasmid transmission between endemic and epidemic lineages.

Nitrate electroreduction is a promising method for sustainable NH₃ production, but the challenge lies in achieving high yield and efficiency at low potentials. Here the authors report a bimetallic Co–B/Ru₁₂ catalyst for improved activity and unveil the dynamic change of the active sites using operando techniques and single entity experiments.

Cellular interactions are a major driver of microbial communities and shown highly variable in strength. Here the authors construct synthetic consortia and mathematical models to elucidate the role of interaction variability in driving ecosystem succession.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an anti-inflammatory drug proposed as a treatment for COVID19. Here the results are reported from a randomised trial testing DMF treatment in 713 patients hospitalised with COVID-19. DMF was not associated with any improvement in day 5 outcomes.

By analysing the state of representation of traditional varieties of 25 major crops in ex situ repositories, this study demonstrates conservation progress made over more than a half-century and identifies the gaps remaining to be filled.

Here, the authors describe the global distribution of crAssphage, its presence in Old-World and New-World primates, and its association with gut bacterial communities and dietary factors, providing insights into the origin, evolution and epidemiology of human gut crAssphage.

In this work, Fang et al. analyse the epigenetic landscape of Clostridioides difficile and identify a DNA methyltransferase present across C. difficile strains that is required for optimal sporulation and in vivo colonization and disease.

In the phase 3 MAESTRO-NAFLD-1 trial, the liver-targeted thyroid hormone receptor-β selective agonist resmetirom was well tolerated and improved liver biomarkers in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Sepsis is a potentially life–threatening complication of infection and diagnosis depends on rapid assessment of leukocyte count and CD64 expression. Here the authors present a microfluidic chip that can quantify these parameters from minimal amounts of whole blood with no manual processing.

The existence and properties of tetraquark states with two heavy quarks and two light antiquarks have been widely debated. Here, the authors use a unitarized model to study the properties of an exotic narrow state compatible with a doubly charmed tetraquark.

Spatial localization of genetic information is important for tissue heterogeneity but difficult to capture with current analytical techniques. Here the authors present “Pixelated RT-LAMP”, an approach that uses parallel on-chip reactions to provide the distribution of target sequences directly from tissue.

Frequent dispersal and short-lived local transmission clusters fuelled the 2013–2016 Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.

Scientists reflect on a year of civil unrest. Writing from Syria, Bolivia, Sudan, Iran, Chile, Ecuador, Lebanon, Venezuela, Hong Kong and Catalonia, correspondents tell of altered priorities, day-to-day challenges and hope in the dark times.

Here, Rouet et al. present a strategy for the identification of broadly neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of convalescent patients, which enabled the identification of a new class 6 epitope.

Here, Biswas et al. present and characterize a second-generation model of HBV infection in rhesus macaques, showing that extended infection requires suppression of host immunity.

SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses are identified in Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica); these pangolin-associated coronaviruses belonged to two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses, including one that exhibits strong similarity in the receptor-binding domain to SARS-CoV-2.

Field effect transistors based on graphene hold promise for sensing applications. Here, the authors report a millimeter-sized transistor based on deformed graphene as a biosensor that can detect nucleic acid molecules having detection limit of ~18 molecules of DNA in physiological buffer solution and ~600 molecules in human serum.

IL-7 is known to control the survival of immature DN thymocytes before β-selection. Guidos and colleagues show that during β-selection, IL-7 controls the growth and differentiation of thymocytes, in part by repressing the transcription factor Bcl-6.

Episodic memory involves encoding an event's temporal and spatial context. The authors show that temporal information is mediated by a direct projection from the dorsal CA1 field of the hippocampus to the medial prefrontal cortex, while spatial information is processed in a separate hippocampal–prefrontal cortex projection originating in intermediate CA1.

During STDP, the magnitude of postsynaptic Ca²⁺transients is hypothesized to determine the strength of synaptic plasticity. Here, the authors find that STDP in mature hippocampal synapses does not obey this rule but instead relies on the coordinated activation of NMDARs and VGCCs and their regulation by mGluRs and SK channels.

The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic exposed major gaps in our knowledge of the spatial ecology and evolution of swine influenza A viruses. Here Nelson et al. perform an extensive phylogenetic analysis of these viruses and show that the global trade of live swine strongly predicts their spatial dissemination.

Chronic Hepatitis C infection is associated with a broad spectrum of liver pathologies, ranging from inflammation to fibrosis and liver cancer. Here Thabet et al. identified a polymorphism in the gene MBOAT7 that is associated with increased hepatic inflammation and higher risk of fibrosis development and progression.

Globins are best known for their role in respiration, but recent studies suggest they might contribute to redox signalling as well. Here, the authors present biochemical, structural and in vivoevidence that the roundworm globin Glb-12 acts as a superoxide generator necessary for germline development.

Sepsis is characterized by deregulated host response to infection. Efficient therapies are still needed but a limitation for sepsis treatment is the heterogeneity in patients. Here Sweeney et al. generate prognostic models based on gene expression to improve risk stratification classification and prediction for 30-day mortality of patients.