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The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.

No experimental evidence exists for intra-helical motion of DNA at the μs timescale, which has been attributed to technical difficulties in observing motion in this time range. Here, the authors demonstrate, using extensive molecular dynamics simulations and experimental analysis, that such motion is effectively absent from a B-DNA duplex.

Measurements of fission fragments for 100 fissioning systems are used to map an asymmetric fission island, providing evidence for the role played by the deformation induced by a closed 36-proton shell.

Observations of a 3-million-year-old pre-main-sequence star with a misaligned disk reveal a giant orbiting planet; the system is ideal for studying the early formation and migration of planets.

Turbulence effects explored use macroscale systems in general. Here the authors generate a turbulent plasma using laser irradiation of a solid target and study the dynamics of the plasma flow at the micron-scale by using scattering of an XFEL beam.

An integrated analysis of de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 individuals with autism spectrum disorder identifies 60 risk genes of which five have not previously been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

The largest plant family, Asteraceae, forms an iconic component of many island floras. Here, the authors conduct a macroecological review, showing that Asteraceae have a truly global distribution on islands and are the most diverse plant family on oceanic islands.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

The most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson is reported, which indicate that its properties are consistent with the standard model predictions, within the precision achieved to date.

Pacing tools that support small animals and can serve as models for pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases are currently not available. Here, the authors report a miniaturized wireless battery-free implantable multimodal and multisite pacemaker that provides unlimited stimulation to test subjects.

Most plasmas are created in a nonequilibrium state and understanding the non-trivial pathway to equilibrium is critical for predicting their time-evolving properties. Here the authors discuss the ion-ion temperature relaxation in a dual-species ultracold neutral plasma.

Using HIV Env protein immunogen priming in rhesus monkeys followed by a long period without further immunization, we demonstrate germinal centre B cells lasting at least 6 months, showing promise in regard to difficult vaccine targets.

A biodegradable pacemaker without external leads improves the safety of temporary cardiac pacing.

Benisty, Barson et al. show that motor behaviors are represented by fast changes in the activity magnitude and functional connectivity across the mouse neocortex, which provides insight into the relationship between neural signals and behavior.

The missense TLR7^Y264H gain-of-function genetic variation causes systemic lupus erythematosus in humans and mice.

The immunogen RC1 facilitates recognition of the V3-glycan patch on the envelope of HIV-1 and elicits specific serological responses in mice and macaques, making it a possible priming immunogen for sequential vaccination strategies in humans.

Phosphoproteomics is a promising tool for identifying biomarkers of treatment response in cancer. Here, the authors analyse proteomics profiling of HER2-negative female breast cancer patients and identify potential predictors of paclitaxel response.

A genome-wide association study involving lung cancer finds that genetic sequences in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene cluster contribute to susceptibility. This paper finds that alleles present in a cluster of nicotinic acid receptor genes affect smoking quantity in European samples, and are therefore also associated with risk of lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease.

Many island plant species share a syndrome of characteristic phenotype and life history. Cerca et al. find the genomic basis of the plant island syndrome in one of Darwin’s giant daisies, while separating ancestral genomes in a chromosome-resolved polyploid assembly.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor. Here the authors provide insights into PPARγ activation by combining fluorine (¹⁹F) NMR and molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the nuclear receptor conformational ensemble in solution and the response of this ensemble to ligand and coregulatory peptide binding.

Measurements in the CLOUD chamber at CERN show that the rapid condensation of ammonia and nitric acid vapours could be important for the formation and survival of new particles in wintertime urban conditions, contributing to urban smog.

Crop wild relatives’ genetic diversity is usually not considered in conservation planning. Here, the authors introduce an approach to identify conservation areas based on evolutionary and threat processes, by developing proxies of genetic differentiation, and including taxa’s habitat preferences.

In the forearc regions of Costa Rica, helium and carbon isotope data reveal that about 20 per cent less carbon is being transported into the deep mantle than previously thought.

Seeds, flour and food products derived from two near-identical pea genotypes (BC1/19RR and BC1/19rr) were utilized in a series of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies to explore the contribution of starch structure, food matrix and intestinal environment to postprandial glycaemia.

There is a need for more robust sample delivery methods for serial crystallography. Here the authors present the design and characterization of ultracompact 3D microfluidic devices that can be printed, which require less sample, have a lower background signal and allow 3D mixing for time resolved experiments.

Determining progress in adaptation to climate change is challenging, yet critical as climate change impacts increase. A stocktake of the scientific literature on implemented adaptation now shows that adaptation is mostly fragmented and incremental, with evidence lacking for its impact on reducing risk.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed gene variants associated with breast cancer, but their association with breast cancer development in Latinas is not clear. Here, the authors carry out a GWAS of breast cancer in Latinas and identify a significant protective variant of Indigenous American origin in the 6q25 region.

The Microarray Quality Control consortium pitted 36 teams against each other to evaluate methods for creating genomic classifiers, computational tools for interpreting gene expression profiles. The performance of the classifiers on blinded validation data—and metadata on the analytic methods—reveal the challenges facing the field.

Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, the authors find an association between neuropsychiatric and cognitive polygenic scores and psychotic-like experience severity, and reveal a mediating role of attentional variability.

Wood-feeding 'higher' termites rely on their hindgut symbionts for the intitial steps in cellulose degradation. Metagenomic analysis of this microbial community reveals a diverse range of bacterial cellulase and hydrolase genes, as well as genes important in other metabolic functions, such as H2 metabolism, CO₂-reductive acetogenesis and N₂ fixation.

This Resource combines amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to provide a global view of microbial–metabolite associations across Earth’s environments.

Julius Gudmundsson and colleagues report a prostate cancer genome-wide association follow-on study. They report variants at 3q21.3, 8q24.21 and 19q13.2 newly associated to prostate cancer susceptibility and the fine-mapping of the association signal at 11q13.

Several globally significant infectious diseases are not yet treatable with vaccination; nanomaterials are being investigated to provide new strategies for vaccine development.