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The study of dissipative solitons is not only increasing our understanding of nonlinear systems but may also help develop high-performance short-pulse lasers and devices for optical information processing.

Neurocognitive impairment in youth with ADHD, anorexia, first onset psychosis and functional neurological disorder is transdiagnostic and can be detected as early as childhood or adolescence.

Reference assemblies of great ape sex chromosomes show that Y chromosomes are more variable in size and sequence than X chromosomes and provide a resource for studies on human evolution and conservation genetics of non-human apes.

A new way to analyse seismic vibrations is bringing order out of noise to help predict volcanic eruptions or create detailed images of Earth's interior. Rachel Courtland reports.

Chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with elevated levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Here the authors characterize the T cell responses to three variants of an HBsAg, Evn371-379, to find only the most stable L6I variant eliciting HBsAg responses, while T cells specific for L6I are detectable in both control and people with chronic HBV.

Combined in silico and in vitro approaches reveal that the co-chaperone STIP1 supports pluripotent stem cell identity, proliferation, and stress resilience, highlighting proteostasis as a key mechanism during early development.

In an analysis of long-term safety events in 783 patients treated with T cell therapy in 38 trials, 2.3% of patients developed second primary malignancies, and vector integration analyses revealed no pathological insertions.

CRISPR-CasRx effectively reduces ALS- and FTD-causing C9orf72 sense and antisense repeat derived RNAs and proteins in cell lines, patient iPSC-neurons and two independent mouse models of C9orf72 repeat expansion.

Insight into the algorithmic form and learning principles underlying cognitive maps in the hippocampus is provided.

Reconstruction of neuronal morphology imaged by brightfield microscopy remains a challenge. Here, authors show gene expression correlates of laminar innervation on transcriptomically defined cortical populations by developing a method for automation.

A chromosome-level genome assembly for the Ninu (greater bilby) and genome sequences for the extinct Yallara (lesser bilby), together with resequenced genomes, shed light on the demographic history of Ninu and inform conservation plans for this culturally and ecologically important marsupial.

Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BDK) inhibits the activity of branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase and branched chain amino acid degradation, implicated in several diseases. Here, the authors discover a BDK inhibitor and degrader that shows efficacy in rodent metabolism and heart failure models, as well as another class of BDK inhibitors that stabilizes BDK.

Five US-based researchers tell Nature why they are exploring career opportunities overseas.

The Middle Palaeolithic of southwest Asia witnessed interactions and knowledge sharing between archaic and modern humans ~130,000–80,000 years ago. These interactions led to increased behavioural complexity and consolidation of a uniform behavioural set across Homo groups in the region.

Living crystallisation-driven self-assembly is a useful method in the construction of uniform polymer microstructures, but visualising this process generally requires labelling. Here, the authors use interferometric scattering microscopy for observe real-time growth of individual fibres and platelets.

The chemical synthesis of nucleoside analogues with modifications at the 2-position often requires multiple steps and the extensive use of protecting groups. Now, biocatalytic cascades are reported for the synthesis of 2-functionalized sugars and 2′-functionalized nucleosides, using enzymes derived from those of the purine nucleoside salvage pathway.

Plasma turbulence is the main driver to deteriorate the performance of fusion power plants. This work presents an unprecedented comparison of plasma turbulence between experiment and simulation, proving that the gyrokinetic model GENE reached a high level of maturity to predict core turbulence.

Current RSV vaccines induce immunity with limited durability in pre-exposed populations. Here, the authors generated an RSV preF self-amplifying RNA vaccine and show that a single dose induces potent innate, cellular, and humoral immunity in RSV-infected in naïve and pre-exposed non-human primates.

The Omicron variant evades vaccine-induced neutralization but also fails to form syncytia, shows reduced replication in human lung cells and preferentially uses a TMPRSS2-independent cell entry pathway, which may contribute to enhanced replication in cells of the upper airway. Altered fusion and cell entry characteristics are linked to distinct regions of the Omicron spike protein.

But eliminating cysteine, which is found in high-protein foods, from human diets would be challenging.

H-NS is a DNA-binding protein that silences transcription of horizontally acquired genes in bacteria. Here, Cooper et al. show that, in addition, H-NS acts as a transposon capture protein, driving transposon insertion into silenced genes and away from transcribed and essential genes.

The geographic distribution of dengue has been expanding in recent decades, and Vietnam is one of the most severely affected countries. In this study, the authors use Bayesian hierarchical modelling to investigate the socio-environmental and climatic drivers of dengue incidence in Vietnam and how they vary across the country.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of problematic alcohol use in one million individuals identified 110 risk variants and shows that multi-ancestry polygenic scores improve risk prediction compared with single-ancestry scores

Threshold-like relationships between fitness & phenotype are ubiquitous in nature. Erdoğan et al. use experimental & simulated evolution of an antibiotic resistance enzyme to show how such relationships allow the emergence of standing phenotypic variation under static environmental conditions.

A strategy is introduced that infers whole-animal metabolic flux wiring from transcriptional phenotypes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and several features in its adult metabolism are discovered that are validated by stable isotope tracing.

By combining an analysis of common garden and field experiments, together with a survey of wild hosts, the authors show that prior infection by a plant fungal parasite increases susceptibility to infection by other strains and that this priming effect influences the assembly of the parasite community.

Detailed analyses pairing deep phenotyping and molecular profiles reveal mediating roles of plasma lipids in genetic and environmental factors associated with autism-related traits in children.

A targeted protein stabilization platform termed deubiquitinase-targeting chimera (DUBTAC) was developed based on heterobifunctional small molecules consisting of a deubiquitinase OTUB1 recruiter linked to a protein-targeting ligand.

Offshore wind and wave energy may play a key role in the energy transition. Here, authors identify cost targets for these technologies to become cost effective and show how the grid’s installed capacity decreases, and generation and transmission change as offshore energy deployment increase.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

A multinational randomized trial shows that task-sharing via nonspecialist providers and the use of telemedicine platforms, delivery models that can overcome barriers to scalability and access, are noninferior to specialists and in-person models for treating perinatal depression.

Here we show how PFL2 and PFL3 neurons in the Drosophila brain compare a representation of direction with internal spatial goals, both anchored in world-centric coordinates, and produce body-centric steering commands that act to correct deviations from the goal direction. 

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Bosonic qubits can be engineered to feature intrinsic protection against certain kinds of errors, which makes quantum error correction across many bosonic qubits possible with less overhead.

Here, the authors show that elevating fiber intake in humans alters their gut microbiota, which, upon transplantation into mice, enhances intestinal mucus function, and identify a crucial role played by the commensal bacterium Blautia and its fermentation products.

Evidence of ostrich eggshell artefacts, long-distance transport of marine shells and heat treatment of stone tools in a marginal southern African environment 92–80 thousand years ago suggests that innovation among early human groups was sensitive to ecological variation.

Rodin and Dou et al. characterized genome-wide somatic mutation in autistic and control brains, revealing that even unaffected individuals may possess dozens of brain somatic mutations and providing insight into the role of somatic mutation in autism.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

The DNA and RNA polymerases encode proofreading activities that help to ensure the fidelity of the readout. The ribosome, which synthesizes protein, was believed to lack a similar activity that would recognize errors after a peptide bond had been formed. This study provides evidence that the ribosome does have such a quality control mechanism. It is shown that after an incorrect amino acid has been incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, there is a general loss of specificity in the ribosome's active site, leading to an accumulation of errors that triggers premature termination of peptide synthesis.

Early linguistic experience directly facilitates social development in childhood. Here, the authors reveal that children with delayed access to language show delayed development of selective responses in cortical regions involved in thinking about others’ thoughts.

The infrared view of JWST has opened up the early Universe to study. This Perspective summarizes the key developments in our understanding of the high-redshift Universe from the first 18 months of JWST observations.

A systematic gene deletion screen targeting all predicted transmembrane transporters of the protozoan parasite Leishmania identified forty mutants that had a significant loss of fitness in macrophage and mouse infections. Loss of the V-type H⁺ ATPase was particularly deleterious in vivo.

The direct copolymerization of carbon dioxide and commodity olefins has been a long-standing challenge in polymer science. Now, an indirect approach has been developed in which hydrogenated disubstituted valerolactones derived from telomerization of CO₂ and butadiene can undergo ring-opening polymerization, yielding chemically recyclable and degradable aliphatic polyesters with high CO₂ content.

Research on permafrost microbial communities is crucial for predicting the response of permafrost ecosystems to climate change. Here, Kang et al. provide insights into the structure and functional potential of permafrost microbial communities by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequence data and metagenomic data obtained from an ∼1000 km transect on the Tibetan Plateau.