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A platform using matched patient-derived lung tumouroids and healthy lung organoids enables accurate examination of patient responses to CAR T therapy and offers a faithful framework for improved CAR T design.

Human–artificial intelligence (AI) dialogues can meaningfully impact voters’ attitudes towards presidential candidates and policy, demonstrating the potential of conversational AI to influence political decision-making.

Rudensky and colleagues demonstrate a context-dependent differential requirement for Foxp3 for T_reg cell transcriptional and functional programs.

Enterololin is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic that selectively kills Enterobacteriaceae in vitro and in a mouse model of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli gut infection. AI-guided mechanism-of-action studies identified LolCDE as its molecular target.

While population transfer between electronic states occurs instantly in two-state model systems, here the authors show that real-world systems with coupling to additional states can exhibit measurable delays for transfer on a single femtosecond timescale.

Activation of mechanophores in polymers is desirable but generally a slow process. Here, the authors report the use of polymeric microbubbles activated by high-frequency ultrasound to exert compressive force and give mechanochemical transformations.

The co-occurrence of marine heatwaves with extremes of high acidity and low chlorophyll concentrations has increased dramatically over the past two decades in the equatorial and South Atlantic. El Niño events seem to be the common driver of the different local mechanisms leading to these compound extreme events.

Anchorage of cadherin-catenin clusters to F-actin is critical for cell-cell adhesion. Here, the authors show that α-catenin controls this process by generating linear actin-bound oligomers in cell-cell protrusions enriched with basolateral proteins.

Aligning artificial intelligence systems with human morality poses scientific, societal and ethical challenges. Delphi, an artificial intelligence system designed to predict human moral judgements based on John Rawls’s philosophical framework, is developed and tested, highlighting its potential for ethical applications and emphasizing the need to address its limitations and biases.

Marine heatwaves in the tropical Atlantic have increased in frequency and intensity since records began and led to the largest coral bleaching event recorded on the Brazilian coast, according to analysis of sea surface temperature data combined with coral bleaching data.

CD8⁺ T cells reprogram their metabolism in response to the gut environment. Upon sensing of PGE₂, gut CD8⁺ T cells reduce their mitochondrial content, an event that ultimately shapes the pool of CD8⁺ T cells in the intestinal tissue.

Sanz and colleagues examine B cell subsets in a cohort of patients with COVID-19. Severely ill patients have higher frequencies of activated extrafollicular T-bet⁺ B cells that form antibody-secreting cells, the majority of which express germline sequences and are reminiscent of antibody responses observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during flares.

Using a neural network trained on bacterial growth inhibition data, in silico prediction of molecules with activity against Acinetobacter baumannii led to the identification of the narrow-spectrum abaucin, which perturbs lipoprotein trafficking.

Structure–activity relationships built on descriptors of surfaces can help to design electrocatalysts, but their identification for electrochemically driven surface transformations is challenging. The composition of LaNiO₃ thin film surfaces can now dictate surface transformation and activity of the oxygen evolution reaction.

Exome sequencing within a structured diagnostic process for rare diseases in Germany shows how facial image analysis and machine learning can guide variant prioritization and uncover many ultrarare diseases.

We classically consider the T cell compartment divided into cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells and multiple, different helper CD4⁺ T cell subsets. Here the authors demonstrate that distinct memory CD8⁺ T cell subsets phenotypically inhabit CD4⁺ T cell like populations including some with helper-like characteristics.

Imaging of muscle fibrosis with a handheld device could potentially serve as a biomarker for disease progression and response to therapy in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Proximity effects enable superconductivity to leak into normal metals. In graphene, a Klein-like tunnelling of superconducting pairs from a high-temperature superconductor allows the proximity effects to be tuned by electric fields.

A cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls identifies 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology.

Van Gisbergen and colleagues show that tissue-resident memory T cells, genetically marked in Hobit reporter mice, can exit tissues upon reinfection and contribute to systemic memory responses.

Tissue-resident memory T cells (T_RM cells) have well-described functions in the protective response to infectious agents. Neurath and colleagues demonstrate that intestinal T_RM cells can also have key pathogenic roles in inflammatory bowel disease.

The measurement of the total cross-section of proton–proton collisions is of fundamental importance for particle physics. Here, the first measurement of the inelastic cross-section is presented for proton–proton collisions at an energy of 7 teraelectronvolts using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.

Several natural and unnatural lissoclimide cytotoxins have been prepared via semi-synthesis and total synthesis. An X-ray co-crystal structure of chlorolissoclimide with the ribosome and evaluation of cytotoxicity and translation inhibition of new compounds in the series improves our understanding of the molecular basis for cytotoxicity.

Graph neural networks are a class of deep learning methods that can model physical systems, generate new molecules and identify drug candidates. This Primer introduces graph neural networks and explores how they are applied across the life and physical sciences.

Jeanette Erdmann and colleagues identify a locus on chromosome 3q22.3 associated with coronary artery disease. The SNP with the strongest association is in MRAS, which encodes a membrane-anchored GTP-binding protein.

A study on global arthropod biodiversity dynamics reveals that beta-diversity increased with latitude, distance, and time. Species replacement and richness difference patterns vary across regions, supporting global biodiversity expectations.

A goal of vaccination is to elicit and maintain tissue-resident memory T cells. Amsen and colleagues show human lung-resident memory CD8⁺ T cells express distinct transcriptional programs, including a role for Notch in cellular metabolism and maintenance.

The Myocardial Infarction Genetics Consortium reports results of a genome-wide association study of early-onset myocardial infarction. The study analyzed common SNPs, common CNVs and rare CNVs and identified SNP alleles at three new loci associated with disease risk.

Tissue-resident memory T cells are crucial to immune responses in epithelial and mucosal tissues. This Review examines the unique characteristics and differentiation pathways of these cells, as well as their unique adaptations in the urogenital tract, and their role in infection, cancer, inflammatory diseases and transplantation.