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Two nationwide randomized controlled trials in England with over 4 million participants found that text messages highlighting that people had reached the ‘top of the queue’ increased COVID-19 vaccination rates.

Here the authors perform a trans expression quantitative trait locus meta-analysis study of over 3,700 people and link a USP18 variant to expression of 50 inflammation genes and lupus risk, highlighting how genetic regulation of immune responses drives autoimmune disease and informs new therapies.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

A complementary analysis of DESI DR2 distance measurements along with supernova and CMB data shows consistent, moderate evidence that dark energy changes over time rather than behaving as a simple cosmological constant.

Natural Killer cells are key mediators of anti-tumour immunosurveillance and anti-viral immunity. Here, the authors map regulatory genetic variation in primary Natural Killer cells, providing new insights into their role in human health and disease.

NV center-based quantum sensors integrated into diamond anvil cells have enabled magnetic imaging under high pressure but are less suited for studying magnetic van der Waals materials. Here, the authors demonstrate magnetic imaging of micrometer-sized flakes of 1T-CrTe2 under high pressure using spin-centers in a thin hBN layer.

Perception can occur in the absence of report. Here, the authors use intracranial recordings to show that sequential sampling of sensory evidence in the ventral visual cortex supports perception beyond report.

Biomolecular condensates (BCs) are ubiquitous compartments that regulate key functions in cells. Authors demonstrate that phase separation is suppressed with glycine by using model heterotypic condensates composed of nucleophosmin 1 and ribosomal ribonucleic acid.

In the CheckMate 142 study, nivolumab (anti-PD-1) alone and in combination with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) was shown to induce durable clinical benefit in patients with previously treated microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer. Here, the authors perform exploratory biomarker analysis of the CheckMate 142 study.

Creative experiences such as dance, music, drawing, and strategy video games might preserve brain health. The authors show that regular practice or short training in these activities is linked to brains that look younger and work more efficiently.

Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) models to replace human decision-making in medical intervention need thorough testing. Here authors present the results of a clinical trial, NCT05600855, in which daGOAT, a conditional autonomous artificial intelligence agent successfully makes the decision whether to prescribe an immune suppressive drug to prevent severe acute graft-versus-host disease following HLA-mismatched haematopoietic cell transplantation.

In a randomized trial of patients with a previous myocardial infarction and with residual inflammation, a monoclonal antibody targeting the LOX-1 receptor, thought to contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression and inflammation, reduced soluble LOX-1 and interleukin-6 levels but did not lead to a substantial reduction in coronary plaque volume.

In this study, Jirsaraie et al. analyze data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Developmental study and use machine learning to predict both current and future psychological symptoms and to determine rates of change in symptom severity over time.

Evaluating long-term immunogenicity and safety, this study shows that fractional and standard dose boosting with Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines following CoronaVac or AstraZeneca priming produces adequate immune responses, informing COVID-19 booster vaccination policy.

Wearable sensors typically require innovative methods of energy harvesting for low-power electronics. Here, the authors present an adaptive power management system with a trimodal energy harvesting approach.

External Control Arm methods for clinical trials were developed to compare the efficacy of a treatment to a control group that is built with data from external sources. Here, the authors present FedECA, a privacy-enhancing method for analyzing treatment effects across institutions, streamlining multi-centric trial design and thereby accelerating drug development while minimizing patient data exposure.

This research investigates aperiodic neural activity in depressed individuals versus healthy controls using resting state electroencephalography recordings. Findings reveal significant differences in aperiodic exponent and offset, influenced by lifetime depressive episodes, highlighting the relationship between depression heterogeneity and neural mechanisms.

In vivo loss-of-function CRISPR screens were performed to identify genes influencing CAR T cell persistence and function in human multiple myeloma, highlighting CDKN1B as a promising target.

Continental shelves have become a substantial sink of anthropogenic mercury since the onset of the Industrial Revolution. However, human activities and climate-related processes can remobilize mercury-bearing sediment, potentially transforming this mercury sink into a marine source.

The XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines.

In this cross-sectional study, the authors used structural MRI to compare subcortical volumes, cortical thickness and surface area between early-onset anorexia nervosa, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and typically developing young individuals.

The response to immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck cancer has been heterogenous. Here, the authors utilise longitudinal sampling of a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model to identify biomarkers of response.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

In the randomized phase 1b/2 Morpheus-Melanoma trial evaluating various neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens in patients with resectable stage III melanoma, tobemstomig, an anti-PD-1/anti-LAG-3 bispecific antibody, showed the highest pathologic response rate with a better safety profile than the standard treatment approach of ipilimumab plus nivolumab.

Small cell lung cancer cells form functional synapses with glutamatergic neurons, receiving synaptic transmissions and deriving a proliferative advantage from these interactions.

Khetarpal et al. show that the metabolic regulator PGC-1α is essential in heart muscle cells for exercise-driven cardiac growth, and that suppression of the stress-induced myokine GDF15 is required to enable cardiomyocyte adaptations to training.

Using low-threshold and dispersion engineering, a 2.6-octave frequency comb is generated on a LiNbO₃ chip via an optical parametric oscillator with only 121 fJ. The optical parametric oscillator design eases the requirements for quality factor and relatively narrow spectral coverage of the cavity.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Heller et al. showed dense longitudinal imaging in four females, including one with endometriosis and one using oral contraceptives, and the finding that different hormonal milieus influence widespread brain volume changes linked to progesterone or estradiol.

Using a zebrafish-based screen, Civiletto and colleagues identify the herb-derived metabolites thymol and carvacrol as activators of autophagy and mitophagy, demonstrating their therapeutic potential in C. elegans and mouse models.

Direct human impact on land disturbances in the USA is declining, while less controllable, undirected wild disturbances are increasing, according to a long-term record of high-resolution satellite imagery.

Brain age gaps (BAGs) highlight deviations from healthy brain aging, yet their biophysical underpinnings in aging and dementia are not well understood. Here, the authors use EEG connectivity and generative modeling across diverse populations to reveal that BAGs are influenced by geography, income, sex and education, with implications for understanding accelerated aging and dementia.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

A study examines the effects of mutations that occur naturally in T cell cancers, reporting that such mutations can potentially be exploited to increase the potency of T cell therapies.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

This study uncovered genetic associations with environmental sensitivity in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental traits in an international collaboration using data from more than 21,000 monozygotic twins—the largest genetic study of monozygotic twin differences to date.

This study presents a framework combining theory and super-resolution imaging to uncover how chromatin-lamina interactions reorganize the genome across diverse microenvironments and regulate cell identity through molecular mechanisms.

Batteries that operate at high power and cycling efficiencies could facilitate the development of large-scale energy storage systems. Wessellset al.report a metal–organic framework electrode that operates in an inexpensive aqueous electrolyte with excellent capacity retention over a very large number of cycles.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

This study maps chromatin accessibility at single-cell resolution in rice and related grasses, revealing how regulatory DNA elements evolve across cell types and species and identifying potential silencers that control gene expression.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Reshoring silicon photovoltaic manufacturing back to the U.S. improves domestic competitiveness, advances decarbonization goals, and contributes to mitigating climate change.

The number of individuals in a given space influences animal interactions and network dynamics. Here the authors identify general rules underlying density dependence in animal networks and reveal some fundamental differences between spatial and social dynamics.

This study establishes how aperiodic activity, a ubiquitous signal linked to neural noise, develops in localized brain regions and illuminates the development of prefrontal control during adolescence in the development of attention and memory.

Delphi-2M forecasts a person’s future health, covering more than 1,000 diseases, provides insights into co-morbidity dynamics and generates synthetic data for the training of AI models that have never seen actual data.