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The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell failure. Here, the authors show restoration of Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein alpha (PITPNA), a mediator of PtdIns-4-phosphate synthesis in the trans-Golgi network, in human T2D islets reverses impaired insulin granule maturation, exocytosis, and ER stress.

Photoinduced isomerization reactions, including ring-opening reactions, lie at the heart of many chemical processes in nature. The pathway and dynamics of the ring opening of a model heterocycle have now been investigated by femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy combined with ab initio theory, enabling the visualization of rich dynamics in both the ground and excited electronic states.

We report on JWST images of a temperate super-Jupiter in the system Epsilon Ind A—a K5V star at a distance of just 3.6 pc—in the mid-infrared.

A high-throughput yeast-based assay is used to identify more than 1,500 activation domains (ADs) in Arabidopsis transcription factors, and a deep learning approach applied to this dataset can predict AD activity on the basis of sequence features.

Light-induced ultrafast switching between the molecular isomers norbornadiene and quadricyclane can reversibly store and release a substantial amount of chemical energy. Two competing pathways have now been identified by which electronically excited quadricyclane molecules relax to the electronic ground state, facilitating interconversion between the two isomers on different timescales.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Overactive bladder is a common urologic disorder with a number of etiologies and evolving treatment options. The two primary management strategies are drug therapy and sacral neurostimulation, both areas of recent developments with the emergence of new medications and refinement of surgical techniques. In this Viewpoint, Apurba Pathak and Sherif Aboseif discuss the relative merits, and drawbacks, of these very different approaches.

Using a sample of more than 1 million individuals, Hatoum et al. identify genomic loci associated with general and substance-specific addiction risk.

Monitoring internal loads in the human musculoskeletal system has been challenging, especially during dynamic movement. Here, the authors present a wearable joint torque estimation strategy using A-mode ultrasound and demonstrate its effectiveness during various real-world activities.

A genomic and transcriptomic analysis of 2,754 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias identifies 376 putative driver genes, and associations between disease subtypes and prognosis.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

Here the authors show that gain-of-function mutant p53s predispose cells to chromosomal instability by targeting MCMs, leading to activation of a cGAS-STING-non-canonical NF-κB signaling that promotes tumor metastasis and immunosuppression.

This bi-ancestral genome-wide association study of major depressive disorder (MDD) identified 178 risk variants. The results advance understanding of the biology of MDD and hint at new treatment possibilities.

The microvasculature is critical for delivery of oxygen and metabolites throughout tissues. Here they use human blood vessel organoids to show that CTGF is a critical paracrine regulator of microvascular integrity that can restore pericyte coverage and vessel structure.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

Measurements of the inelastic cross section of anti-³He allow the estimation of the transparency of the Milky Way to the propagation of these light antinuclei produced in either cosmic-ray collisions or annihilation of dark-matter particles.

Zhou and colleagues demonstrate that thiopurine chemotherapy in mismatch repair-deficient ALL cells leads to R248Q TP53 mutations and clonal selection that favors on-treatment ALL relapse and chemoresistance.

O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase. Here, a high-throughput activity assay combined with mass spectrometric and crystallographic analyses sheds light on the substrate recognition and specificity of O-GlcNAc transferase.

Multicolor imaging employing genetically-encodable fluorescent proteins permits spatiotemporal live cell imaging of multiple cues. Here, authors use multicolor lifetime imaging to visualize quadruple-labelled human immunodeficiency viruses within cellular contexts.

Imaging of low-mass exoplanets can be achieved once the thermal background in the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths can be mitigated. Here, the authors present a ground-based MIR observing approach enabling imaging low-mass temperate exoplanets around nearby stars.

First order magnetic phase transitions have many practical applications but they often involve structural changes that make it difficult to control energy losses. Guillou et al. show that Eu₂In has an isostructural transition with a mechanism distinct from other known magnetoelastic transitions.

The direct measurement of the QCD dead cone in charm quark fragmentation is reported, using iterative declustering of jets tagged with a fully reconstructed charmed hadron.

Here the authors report a simple method to create a solid electrolyte interphase that is tightly anchored onto the surface of lithium metal anode. This artificial structure suppresses dead and dendrite Li and stores Li via formation of alloys, enabling impressive battery performance.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

Correlations in momentum space between hadrons created by ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider provide insights into the strong interaction, particularly the short-range dynamics of hyperons—baryons that contain strange quarks.

An imbalance in I/Pb stoichiometry is thought to lead to defects in metal halide films. Here, Zhang et al. show that the addition of hypophosphorous acid in the precursor solution can significantly improve the film quality and enhance the photoluminescence intensity, leading to improved photovoltaic devices.