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This study shows how the bacterial retron Eco2 defends against viruses. Phage nucleases trigger activation of Eco2, which cuts RNAs, shuts down protein production and stops phage replication.

Electron transfer in molecular wires is typically dominated by tunnelling at short lengths. Now it is shown that conjugated molecular wires anchored to indium tin oxide electrodes exhibit a hopping mechanism even at 1-nm lengths, enabling charge extraction in tin perovskite solar cells and improved device performance.

Zhang et al. examine associations between wildfire-specific PM_2.5 and emergency department visits for mental disorders in children across 845 communities in Australia, Brazil and Canada over a 15-year period.

Here the authors compare genetic testing strategies in rare movement disorders, improve diagnostic yield with genome analysis, and establish CD99L2 as an X-linked spastic ataxia gene, showing that CD99L2–CAPN1 signaling disruption likely drives neurodegeneration.

A human spinal cord organoid model can replicate two different types of spinal cord injury and can be used as an in vitro system to evaluate therapeutics and inflammatory reactions to treatments.

Gao and colleagues describe the characterization of an erythrocyte–anti-PD1 conjugate, reporting antitumor activity in preclinical models and results of a first-in-human clinical trial in persons with advanced solid tumors resistant to anti-PD(L)1.

At single-cell resolution, Tarkhov et al. delineate stochastic and co-regulated components of epigenetic aging, revealing a simultaneous loss of regulation at the epigenetic and transcriptional levels in aging.

Extending their previous findings of brain changes in a first pregnancy, the authors show that a second pregnancy uniquely alters women’s brains, involving both a further fine-tuning of first-pregnancy effects and distinct changes in other networks.

Using cryo-EM, the authors identified 42 MIPs, including outer junction protein CFAP77 and outer dense fibers, in native doublet microtubules of Tetrahymena thermophila. Knockout of CFAP77 reduced ciliary beat frequency and led to outer junction damage.

Osteoporotic fractures are a major global health burden. Here the authors show, using proteome wide Mendelian randomization, that nine circulating proteins influence forearm fracture risk and identify a novel protective role for ephrin A1

Estimating respiratory infection rates in the community is challenging as testing is usually limited to people with more severe infections. Here, the authors develop a statistical method to estimate infection rates using data from a community survey that performed lateral flow testing in England and Scotland in 2023-24.

A skeletal editing strategy for the direct conversion of oxazoles and isoxazoles into thiazoles and isothiazoles is described. These one-step transformations may be beneficial for drug development programmes by enabling rapid diversification of bioactive compounds and advancing structure–activity relationship studies.

The meningeal compartment communicates with the brain to modulate homeostatic functions. Here, the authors demonstrate that natural killer (NK) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) 1 shape synaptic neuronal transmission and affect mouse behavior.

A spatial and single-cell transcriptomics study across multiple mammalian species identifies epidermal BMP signalling as a functional requirement for rete ridge formation, providing insight into mechanisms underlying hair density loss and wound healing.

Broadly applicable genetically encoded probes and peptide-based compounds specifically inhibit Gα_s, the prototypical signal transducer of G-protein-coupled receptors, providing new mechanistic insights into signaling at the subcellular scale.

Crystal structures of HIV Env trimer with native glycosylation in complex with neutralizing antibodies reveal a glycan shield of high-mannose and complex-type N-glycan and indicate a path for germline-targeting vaccine design.

Trimodal single-cell analysis reveals gene-regulatory architecture in complex tissues.

Using two newly developed immunoassays tested in three clinical cohorts, this study highlights CSF DOPA decarboxylase as a promising biomarker for differentiating dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease from Alzheimer’s disease and controls.

The authors use data from over 100,000 children (3–5.5 years old) across 551 Chinese cities, to show that risk of suspected neurodevelopmental delay increases under both prenatal and postnatal heat exposure. Steep increases at high temperatures highlight future potential vulnerability increases.

Viral ribonucleoprotein–viral protein networks form pre-replication centres that nucleate viral factories and drive respiratory syncytial virus replication.

In a case series of eight pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis or systemic sclerosis, autologous anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy was feasible, safe and effective in reducing disease activity.

PCNA–PAF15 has a key role in determining replisome dynamics during genome replication and protecting against genome instability.

Chen et al. developed a self-powered smart magnetoelastic stent for real-time hemodynamic monitoring and stenosis detection.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

Drugs that rescue function of episodic ataxia 1 (EA1) mutant potassium channels are lacking. Here, Manville et al identify and describe the molecular basis for Native American botanical ataxia remedies that directly rescue EA1 mutant channels.

Two-dimensional perovskite phases at the bottom interfaces of solar cells improve performance, but their formation is challenging. To address this, Zhao et al. graft the 2D perovskite-phase precursor onto a functionalized SnO₂ electrode substrate.

A multi-source dataset including a survey on 2,364 Ukrainian citizens pinpoints the spatial and temporal features associated with stronger interactions between conflict-related and baseline stressors and health-related outcomes, in a Ukraine-wide analysis involving 461 cities.

An outbreak of MPXV in sooty mangabeys in Côte d’Ivoire was linked to MPXV-infected fire-footed rope squirrels, providing direct evidence of interspecies transmission and indicating risk for zoonotic transmission of MPXV from both hosts.

Saccadic eye movements during free viewing exhibit patterns that reflect a strategy to increase neural responses by matching motor behavior with the statistics of the natural world and with the processing limitations of sensory systems.

Energy deposition inside silicon with ultrashort laser pulses is intrinsically restricted. Here, authors demonstrate that this filamentation-driven ceiling is universal in semiconductors. Extreme nonlinearities are quantified to predict and optimize involume laser-semiconductor interaction.

While antivirals like nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir are known to reduce severe COVID-19, their impact on cardiovascular outcomes is unclear. Here, the authors use a target trial emulation design to show that nirmatrelvir/ritonavir significantly lowers long-term cardiovascular risks among hospitalized patients, highlighting its potentials over molnupiravir for mitigating post-COVID-19 cardiovascular complications.

Spatiotemporal coordination of cellular and molecular events is crucial for cell fate commitment. Here, Yang et al. describe how transcription factors, signaling pathways, and epigenomic states regulate left-right patterning and axial mesendoderm lineage commitment during mouse gastrulation.

Contaminants such as CO₂ and H₂S present in natural gas and biogas streams must be removed before use; existing strategies to do so can be rather complex. Here, the authors use a fluorinated porous metal–organic framework to remove CO₂ and H₂S from CH₄-rich feeds in a single step, potentially simplifying the process.

WIN332 is an HIV-1 Env protein designed to elicit a new class of Asn332-glycan-independent antibodies (type II) to the V3-glycan site of Env. WIN332 immunization rapidly induces type-II V3-glycan antibodies with low inhibitory activity indicative of a neutralization activity in macaques.

Zeng et al. analyzed cfDNA methylation and fragmentomic data from 1,294 patient plasma samples across 14 major cancer types to present a comprehensive landscape of pancancer and cancer-specific cell-free DNA methylation and fragmentomic features.

A WHO-supported pre−post study shows that implementation of the Y-Check comprehensive health check program is feasible and acceptable for adolescents in Zimbabwe, offering screening for 25 health conditions and behaviors, health promotion, on-site care and referral.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

Scholl et al. show that PopZ forms filamentous condensates driven by its helical domain and inhibited by its disordered region. Phase-dependent conformations modulate client interactions and disruption of filamentation or condensation impairs cellular function and growth.

It is unclear whether the harsh abiotic conditions of drylands hinder biological invasions. This global analysis shows that drylands are vulnerable to non-native plants and are likely to become more so as native plant diversity declines and grazing pressure intensifies.

A foundation model validated in a prospective multi-centre cohort of 21,601 patients undergoing low-dose computed tomography screening for breast and lung cancer showed comparable performance to existing screening by radiologists.

Protein-activity-based identification of hypermorphic, hypomorphic, neomorphic effectors and therapeutically relevant mutations uses transcriptomic data to categorize variants of unknown significance into hypermorphic, hypomorphic and neomorphic mutations based on their effects on transcription factor activity and subsequent gene expression.

Biogenic–anthropogenic interactions increase the formation and prevalence of secondary organic aerosol coatings on urban black carbon in Nanjing, China. These coatings amplify radiative effects, according to a model–data analysis for 2023.

This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials indicates that social safety nets can improve women’s economic achievements and agency. Pooled treatment effects are largest for unconditional cash transfers, public work programmes, social care services and asset transfers.

Here they show that the adhesion GPCR Gpr126/Adgrg6 regulates trabeculation during heart development. Its N-terminal fragment is required for maintaining cell adhesion and compact wall integrity while its C-terminal fragment is essential to provide trabecular identity.