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A modeling approach to assess the global risk of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 gene deletions identifies ten priority African countries for surveillance and could inform malaria control policies.

Individuals with schizophrenia show reduced structural similarity in temporal, cingulate, and insular lobes, especially those with worse cognition and symptoms, affecting late maturing association areas with low metabolism and high neurotransmission.

The ionisation fraction of protostellar jets is key to establish their true energetics. Here, the authors determine it in a jet from a high-mass young stellar object, using multi-wavelengths observations, confirming that the ionising mechanism giving rise to the radio emission originates from shocks.

Zhao et al. used single-cell and spatial multiomics data analysis of human and mouse lung adenocarcinoma tumors and cell lines to reveal TP53 mutation-associated changes in cancer cells and their microenvironment.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The genomic landscape of diffuse gliomas remains to be characterised. Here, the authors perform whole genome sequencing of 403 tumours and identify recurrent coding and non-coding genetic mutations, their associations with clinical outcomes and potential therapeutic targets.

Here, the authors identify the microbiota-derived corisin as a driver of diabetic kidney fibrosis via cellular aging and show that targeting corisin with a monoclonal antibody alleviates disease in mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue.

Preventing endosomal damage sensing or using lipids that create reparable endosomal holes reduces inflammation caused by RNA–lipid nanoparticles while enabling high RNA expression.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Caloric restriction improves Alzheimer’s Disease outcomes in mice, but this diet not only reduces calories, but imposes a prolonged fast between meals. Here, the authors show this fast is essential to improve Alzheimer’s pathology and cognition.

African populations show a high level of genetic diversity and extensive regional admixture. Here, the authors sequence the whole genomes of 24 South African individuals of different ethnolinguistic origin and find substantive genomic divergence between two southeastern Bantu-speaking groups.

Morphological subtypes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may differ in their genetic bases. Chan et al. develop a method for calculating a patient-level, genome-wide rare variant score and find significant differences in rare and common variant associations between dysmorphic and nondysmorphic ASD groups.

Whole-genome sequencing of more than 2,000 colorectal carcinoma samples provides a highly detailed view of the genomic landscape of this cancer and identifies new driver mutations.

Decreased brain coenzyme Q₁₀ levels cause encephalopathy and are associated with neurodegeneration; supplementation with 4-HMA or 4-HB restores coenzyme Q₁₀ synthesis in mice and humans with HPDL variants, improving survival and neurological symptoms in HPDL-driven mitochondrial encephalopathy.

The reconstruction of phospholipase Ce in complex with a Fab identifies two of its N-terminal regulatory domains and helps define the basal state of the enzyme.

Here the authors analyze de novo mutations in >10,000 parent-offspring trios and find that ancestry and smoking independently associate with mutation rate, but that common genetic variants likely contribute little to mutation rate variation.

Variations in expression of the gene ORMDL3 were found to be associated with development of childhood asthma, suggesting this gene should be examined in more patient groups.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

This study shows that brain connectivity changes in Huntington’s disease begin decades before symptoms, shifting from hyper- to hypoconnectivity, with links to specific neurotransmitter systems specially in granular and infragranular cortical layers.

A remora-inspired mechanical underwater adhesive device adheres securely to a range of soft substrates and maintains performance under extreme pH and moisture conditions, with potential applications in biosensing and drug delivery.

Single cell genomic analysis needs DNA amplification with high fidelity and accuracy. Here, the authors devise a novel multiple displacement amplification method called TruePrime that is based in Thermus thermophilusPrimPol and Phi29 DNA polymerase, and demonstrate its utility and accuracy.

Exome sequencing of 851 trios from more than 2,500 individuals finds 187 genes with de novo mutations that contribute to meningomyelocele (spina bifida) and highlights critical pathways required for neural tube closure.

Mice expressing humanized mutant tau exhibit synaptic loss and behavioral abnormalities in the absence of abnormal tau conformers, suggesting that hyperphosphorylated tau can be pathological, at least in tauopathies caused by tau isoform imbalance.

This study shows how Escherichia coli ApaH hydrolyzes enigmatic Np₄N alarmones and decaps Np₄-capped RNAs, thereby impacting their lifetimes. Key features enable ApaH to bind RNA substrates in two orientations, depending on the cap and the first RNA nucleotide.

By bringing together whole exome and genome sequencing data from five cohorts, the authors assess the contribution of rare germline variants to prostate cancer risk and severity, further validating previously reported genes, and implicating a role for genes not previously reported.

Peer review information

Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. A peer review file is available.

A rare variant burden analytical framework for Mendelian diseases was developed and applied to data from the 100,000 Genomes Project, identifying 69 probable new disease–gene associations.

Bats harbor diverse coronaviruses but temporal dynamics are less well studied. Here, the authors analyzed coronaviruses in Australian flying foxes over 3 years showing peak shedding and co-infections in juveniles and subadults and providing evidence of historical and contemporary recombination between viral clades.

The RhoA GTPase binds to the EF hands of phospholipase Ce to regulate its function through a mechanism involving allostery and interfacial activation.

Together with a companion paper, the generation of a transcriptomic atlas for the mouse lemur and analyses of example cell types establish this animal as a molecularly tractable primate model organism.

Together with an accompanying paper presenting a transcriptomic atlas of the mouse lemur, interrogation of the atlas provides a rich body of data to support the use of the organism as a model for primate biology and health.

A cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls identifies 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology.

Chang, Cao et al. examine local trends associated with the diagnosis and treatment of de novo metastatic breast cancer. Findings show that black race, hypertension, diabetes, as well as the presence of visceral metastases are associated with a worse prognosis.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare aggressive skin cancer with limited therapeutic options. In this work, the authors identify aurora kinase B (AURKB) as a critical therapeutic target for MCC, supported by tumour shrinkage and increased survival when using the AURKB inhibitor AZD2811 nanoparticle formulation in MCC preclinical models.