Search

A growing proportion of children are facing the challenges of growing up in slums. Drawing on her experience in cities with Save the Children and Cities4Children, Sarah Sabry argues that urban policy and planning must urgently prioritize the specific needs and rights of children in urban contexts, especially those living in slums.

In situ cryo-electron microscopy structures show the spatial arrangement of flagellin proteins and provide insight into mechanisms of assembly and rotation of the sheathed flagellum in Vibrio cholerae.

A cell surface reporter that binds to a fluorine-18-labelled radioligand enables the monitoring of CAR T cells and gene therapy vectors in preclinical models using PET imaging.

How DNA Polymerase Epsilon accomplishes continuous leading strand synthesis during DNA replication is not understood. Here, the authors describe a two tiers mechanism required to sustain Pol Epsilon processivity: CHTF18-dependent loading of PCNA at leading strand and dsDNA binding by its POLE3-POLE4 subunits.

Biopolymers can couple to membrane lipids and condense to prewet membranes. Here a range of membrane perturbations in reconstituted systems and cells show that the prewetting is sensitive to membrane composition and phase transitions and can drive interorganelle contact.

Sera from vaccinated individuals and some monoclonal antibodies show a modest reduction in neutralizing activity against the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2; but the E484K substitution leads to a considerable loss of neutralizing activity.

After spinal cord injury, lesion-remote astrocytes acquire heterogeneous, spatially restricted reactivity states that shape neuroinflammation, neural repair and neurological recovery.

Here the authors show that gut metagenomes of Indigenous Australian infants living remotely, display greater diversity and abundance of bacteria, viruses and fungi, compared to non-Indigenous infants living in urban Australia, suggesting that while having access to Western foods, the infants start life with a gut microbiome that retains key features of pre-industrialized societies.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

PU.1^low CD28-expressing microglia may act as suppressive cells in Alzheimer’s disease, mitigating its progression by reducing neuroinflammation and amyloid plaque load, indicating potential immunotherapeutic approaches for treatment.

This research quantifies hospital admissions in Shanghai for mental and behavioral disorders linked to humid heat, projecting a 68.2% increase by the 2090s under high greenhouse gas emissions and emphasizing the importance of mitigation strategies to reduce future morbidity burdens.

An inherently explainable AI trained on 1,015 expert-annotated prostate tissue images achieved strong Gleason pattern segmentation while providing interpretable outputs and addressing interobserver variability in pathology.

A superconducting diode bridge based on superconducting diodes can function as a full-wave rectifier with an efficiency up to 42 ± 5%, and can offer alternating current to direct current signal conversion capabilities at frequencies up to 40 kHz.

Cryo-EM structures of the stabilized prefusion conformation of the glycoprotein B ectodomain—the HSV-1 entry machine—identify a prefusion-specific neutralizing antibody and reveal how prefusion glycoprotein B may evade antibody-mediated neutralization.

Evolutionary and ecological insights into marine SAR11 bacteria require whole genome data. Here, the authors expand the number of complete SAR11 isolate genomes by 81 new strains from the tropical Pacific Ocean, combining their sequence analysis with metagenomics to further resolve SAR11 evolution.

Chemical reactions on femtolitre scales are necessary to study confined biological processes. Here, the authors use a microfluidic pen lithography technique to perform a series of discrete femtoscale acid-base and synthetic reactions, and crystallizations on a surface with high registration accuracy.

IL-17 signalling restricts C. albicans pathogenicity in the colonized oral cavity. Lack of IL-17 is associated with overt filamentation due to impaired zinc nutritional immunity and over time leads to the evolution of pathogenic strain variants.

The authors describe the isolation and characterization of broadly cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against diverse H5Nx viruses from individuals who received a monovalent H5N1 vaccine 15 years ago. They identify five mAbs that potently neutralized the majority of H5 clades and protected against lethal 2.3.4.4b H5N1 infection in mice.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

High-depth sequencing of non-cancerous tissue from patients with metastatic cancer reveals single-base mutational signatures of alcohol, smoking and cancer treatments, and reveals how exogenous factors, including cancer therapies, affect somatic cell evolution.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) variability and its phenotypic consequences aren’t well studied in relation to viral replication fitness and disease severity. Here, the authors identify a replication-enhancing domain in non-structural protein 5A, linking high replication fitness to severe disease outcomes, with implications for understanding HCV pathogenesis in immunocompromised patients.

Influenza A virus must package eight separate genomic segments, called viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs). Using in situ cryo-electron tomography, the authors visualize how vRNPs are clustered on cell membranes containing the viral glycoprotein hemagglutinin or neuraminidase, and how the matrix protein M1 forms intracellular structures that reorganize during budding to support packaging.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

TRPM3 is an ion channel that helps the body sense heat and contributes to pain. The authors show that both heat and small chemical molecules switch it on through similar changes inside the protein.

An approach combining BONCAT, stable isotope probing and metaproteomics showcases the hidden metabolic interconnectivity of microorganisms within an anaerobic digestion community.

SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to sustained increased macrophage numbers and formation of enlarged lipid-laden macrophages after viral clearance. This can be prevented with antiviral treatment in mice.

Viruses generally have compact genomes, resulting in many viral mRNAs with short 5’ untranslated regions. An antiviral complex exploits this feature of viral mRNAs to selectively inhibit viral protein synthesis and repress viral replication.

BioID detection of Ebola virus–host interactions when computationally integrated with existing host protein-protein networks, revealed functional cell protein complexes supporting infection, including the RNA decapping complex.

Genetic factors affecting Aedes aegypti susceptibility to dengue virus infection aren’t well studied. Here the authors show that a cytochrome P450 gene, typically linked to cuticle structure and insecticide resistance, influences dengue infection in Aedes aegypti.

Parallel operation of two exchange-only qubits consisting of six quantum dots arranged linearly is shown to be achievable and maintains qubit control quality compared with sequential operation, with potential for use in scaled quantum computing.

A rare variant burden analytical framework for Mendelian diseases was developed and applied to data from the 100,000 Genomes Project, identifying 69 probable new disease–gene associations.

If single molecules are to be used in spintronic devices, it is necessary to interlink molecular spin states and charge transport. Here, the authors approach this goal by directly accessing highly spin-polarized hybrid states of a molecular complex of an early lanthanide on a metal surface.

Here, the authors show that microsecond time-resolved cryo-EM can be used to observe real-life protein dynamics, which they demonstrate by capturing the pH-induced contraction of the CCMV capsid.

This study discovers human SERF2 as a key partner in stress granule formation by binding specific RNA G-quadruplexes. SERF2 and these RNAs provide a detailed structural model of protein-RNA interactions driving liquid-liquid phase separation in condensates.

In this phase 1 trial, treatment of patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma with a therapeutic peptide vaccine targeting the fusion kinase DNAJB1–PRKACA, which is the driver of the disease, together with nivolumab and ipilimumab, was safe and led to encouraging preliminary clinical responses, and translational analysis showed activation of immune responses.

Human astroviruses are a leading cause of diarrhea worldwide. Lentz et al. report the structure of the astrovirus capsid spike bound to the human neonatal Fc receptor, revealing detailed insights into how astroviruses infect human cells.

The study found that the serial interval and incubation period of monkeypox virus Clade Ib are shorter for putative sexual versus non-sexual transmission, indicating that epidemiological context is crucial for developing effective public health policies.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Innovations in energy-storage technology are a mainstay of the nation’s bid to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels.

This study found E. coli phylogenetic background shapes TEM-1 beta-lactamase expression and co-amoxiclav resistance. Phylogeny alone shifted isolates from susceptible to resistant, stressing a need for lineage-sensitive genotype-phenotype prediction.

Flat bands are interesting as their high density of states and suppressed kinetic energy result in strongly enhanced electronic correlations, leading to emergent and unconventional ordered states. Here, the authors use photoelectron momentum microscopy to map an isolated flat band in NbOCl₂ across the entire Brillouin zone, revealing its tunable quasiparticle band gap and offering a platform for flat-band physics exploration.