Search

Urine microscopy is a time-honored, readily available and commonly used noninvasive test to aid clinicians in discriminating between different forms of acute kidney injury. However, the diagnostic and prognostic importance of assessing urinary sediment is largely unknown.

Uncertainty exists regarding the optimal timing of initiation of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury in the absence of urgent or life-threatening complications. Two high-profile trials — AKIKI and ELAIN — that aimed to address this issue have recently reported conflicting findings.

Acute kidney injury is a common syndrome associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but academic advances in this field are hindered by the lack of a universally accepted definition. Two classification schemes—the AKIN and the RIFLE criteria—have been proposed, but uncertainty remains as to whether their performance is comparable.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication associated with morbidity and mortality. Studies from 2010 have provided insights into the diagnosis and clinical course of AKI, the ability of novel biomarkers to guide therapy, and the quality of life of survivors of severe AKI. It is hoped that these findings will lead to improvements in the diagnosis and prognosis of affected individuals.

AKI is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes, including short-term and long-term mortality, incident CKD, accelerated progression to end-stage renal disease and reduced health-related quality of life. The incidence of the disorder is increasing rapidly worldwide. In this Review, the authors discuss the epidemiology, outcomes and economic impact of AKI in developed and developing countries.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease are increasingly recognized as interconnected entities and the term acute kidney disease (AKD) has been proposed to define ongoing pathophysiologic processes following an episode of AKI. In this Consensus statement, the Acute Disease Quality Initiative 16 Workgroup propose definitions and staging criteria for AKD, and strategies for the management of affected patients. They also make recommendations for areas of future research with the aims of improving understanding of the underlying processes and improving outcomes.

Several factors complicate the identification of effective interventions that can improve the outcomes of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, the authors discuss key design considerations for clinical trials in hospitalized patients with AKI, including the selection of adequate patient cohorts and study end points.

In this Consensus Statement, the authors discuss a framework for the development, validation and implementation of digital health technologies across the acute kidney injury continuum — risk prediction, prevention, detection and management.

The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) after major non-cardiac surgery is associated with substantial long-term morbidity and mortality. This joint Consensus Statement from the Acute Disease Quality Initiative and the PeriOperative Quality Initiative provides recommendations for the definition, prevention and management of postoperative AKI.

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is linked with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. This Consensus Statement from the Acute Disease Quality Initiative discusses the definition, epidemiology and pathophysiology of SA-AKI, fluid, resuscitation and extracorporeal therapies, and the role of biomarkers in risk stratification and diagnosis.

In this plenary Review, Hoste and colleagues describe the global epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). The influence of modifiable and non-modifiable AKI risk factors, delayed diagnosis, variation in diagnostic criteria and disparities in access to health care are also discussed.