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Current propylene oxide production relays on H₂O₂ generated by the energy-intensive anthraquinone processes. Here, an unassisted H₂O₂ production system is integrated with modified titanium silicalite-1 to realize continuous propylene oxide production without external energy input.

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is an eco-friendly oxidizer and a promising energy carrier, but it is primarily synthesized through the energy-intensive anthraquinone process. Here sustainable and unassisted electrochemical H₂O₂ production coupled to glycerol oxidation is reported, operating without an external bias or solar energy input.

Water plays an essential role in enzyme catalysis, but direct observations linking enzyme catalysis and active-site water pose a significant challenge due to experimental difficulties. Here, the authors employ an ultraviolet photolysis technique with temperature-controlled X-ray crystallography to track the catalytic pathway of carbonic anhydrase II at 1.2 Å resolution.

Nanog can confer resistance to cancer immunotherapy by promoting AKT activity. Here, the authors demonstrate that HSP90A is a Nanog target that stabilizes the AKT coactivator TCL1, thereby activating AKT, and that HSP90A inhibition can enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of adoptive T cell transfer and checkpoint blockade.

Traditional non-volatile memories suffer from poor scalability in the vertical direction due to the use of a bulky oxide layer. Here, the authors develop a tunnelling random access memory using a vertical heterostructure composed of atomically thin molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride and graphene.

The deprivation of amino acids in the tumor microenvironment affects T cell survival and activation. Here the authors show that reduced levels of methionine are associated with PD1 upregulation in CD4+ T cells and that methionine supplementation promotes CD4+ T cell dependent anti-tumor immune responses.

Aerobic oxidation of propylene is a potential green route to propylene oxide production without the need for harmful oxidizing or wasteful sacrificial reagents. Here, a proof-of-concept integrated photo-electro-heterogeneous catalytic system performs this reaction using in situ-generated H₂O₂.

The authors demonstrate a bias-free dual solar hydrogen production system by pairing low-potential furfural oxidation with a Si photocathode, achieving a 1-sun hydrogen production rate that surpasses the Department of Energy target by over four-fold.

Ciliary defects and obesity has been associated, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, the authors show that inhibition of ciliogenesis in POMC neurons during development results in lysosomal protein degradation-dependent axonal disruption and adult obesity in mice.

Doil Choi and colleagues report the genome sequence of the hot pepper, Capsicum annuum, as well as the resequencing of two cultivated peppers and a wild species, Capsicum chinense. Comparative genomic analysis across Solanaceae provides insights into genome expansion, pungency, ripening and disease resistance in hot peppers.

A non-destructive surface-enhanced-Raman-scattering-based nanoprobe detects multiple endogenous molecules in living plants that are released under either abiotic or biotic stress, indicating the possible onset of a disease.

The cellular levels of the critical coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)⁺ depend on its salvage pathway. Here, the authors show that the NAD⁺ salvage pathway in hypothalamic astrocytes is activated to promote obesity in high fat diet-fed mice.

The protein MG53 is known to inhibit myogenesis. Here, Ko et al. show that MG53 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates degradation of insulin receptor substrate 1 in skeletal muscle, thereby regulating myogenesis and insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo.

Recovery for mammalian retinal degeneration is limited by a lack of Müller glia (MG)-mediated regeneration. Here authors show blocking Prox1 accumulation and intercellular transfer from retinal neurons enables MG reprogramming of retinal progenitor cells, promotes retinal neuron regeneration, and delays vision loss.

The limited efficacy of current immunotherapy suggests low antigen-specific T cells and immunosuppressive factors in tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, the authors develop a syringeable immunomodulatory multi-domain nanogel that can reprogram the TME and induce enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) is a critical regulator of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)⁺ levels. Here, the authors show that blood NAMPT contributes to the circadian rhythm generation of locomotor activity and energy expenditure by regulating hypothalamic NAD⁺ levels.

The authors identify a role for GABRA5 neurons in the lateral hypothalamus for energy balance regulation. Inhibiting these neurons increases weight gain and lipid accumulation through a process dependent on astrocytic GABA release.

Adenylate kinase 2 can bind to FADD. In this study, Kim et al.show that adenylate kinase 2 is a tumour suppressor and interacts with the phosphatase DUSP6, and this in turn regulates the phosphorylation of FADD.

A gold-embedded oxide interlayer can be used to create metal–interlayer–semiconductor contacts for two-dimensional materials that exhibit low series resistance and Fermi level depinning.

Metalloenzymes often show different catalytic activities in the presence of non-native metal ions. Here, the authors report structures of carbonic anhydrase bound to zinc and several other metal ions and demonstrate that metal ion coordination geometries directly impact catalytic activity of the enzyme.

While several human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines exist, a highly effective vaccine that mediates regression of HPV-induced tumours is lacking. Here the authors show that a therapeutic DNA vaccine-induced HPV-specific polyfunctional CD8 T cell in 7 out of 9 patients who all exhibited complete regression of lesions and viral clearance.

The realization of highly conductive, dispersant-free pastes based on nanocarbon materials has been hindered by agglomeration of particles. Han et al. demonstrate conducting pastes that do not agglomerate due to quadruple hydrogen-bonding motifs among the nanocarbon particles.

Tomato rhizosphere microbiome alterations that contribute to bacterial wilt resistance are detected using metagenomics.

Spatiotemporal control of intracellular molecular self-assembly holds promise for therapeutic applications. Here the authors develop a peptide consisting of a phenylalanine dipeptide with a mitochondrial targeting moiety to form self-assembling fibrous nanostructures within mitochondria, leading to apoptosis.

Efficient mechanical energy harvesting approaches are needed. Here, Zhang et al. develop a plied carbon nanotube yarn that harvests mechanical energy upon stretching and lateral deformations, achieving 17.4 and 22.4% efficiencies for tensile and torsional harvesting, respectively.