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Neuromorphic photonic systems can incur significant energy for moving and converting data between digital and analog domains. This work shows that integrating analog memory into these processors can save 26 × power over conventional digital-to-analog architectures while keeping  > 90% inference accuracy.

Why do people follow rules, even when breaking them has no consequences? Experiments with 14,034 participants reveal that rule-following is not just about rewards or punishments—it is driven by intrinsic respect for rules and social expectations, regulating everyday social interactions.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Oat consumption, particularly a short-term, high-dose oat diet, improves metabolic health in individuals with metabolic syndrome by increasing microbially produced phenolic metabolites, leading to lower blood cholesterol levels.

A bookkeeping approach shows that disturbed tropical humid forests experienced net aboveground carbon loss during 1990–2020, primarily driven by small but persistent deforestation clearings owing to persistent land-use conversion without forest regrowth.

To test whether there is a relationship between the level of national corruption and the intrinsic honesty of individuals, a behavioural test of the honesty of people from 23 countries was conducted; the authors found that high national scores on an index of rule-breaking are linked with reduced personal honesty.

Chronic stress disrupts the brain vasculature and contributes to mood disorders, but mechanisms of resilience remain unclear. Here, the authors show that enriched environments increase astrocytic Fgf2 to prevent stress-induced vascular alterations and depressive behavior with relevance to human depression.

In this work, the authors propose and experimentally test a framework to analyse the fundamental limits of quantum detector tomography, i.e., the limits to extractable information from probing unknown quantum measurements. They introduce the detector quantum Fisher information, which physically connects measurement structure to quantum advantage, complementing previously known state and channel metrics.

Stanage et al. identify a role for transfer RNA nuclease SLFN11 in replication-stress-induced cell death in cisplatin-treated cells lacking PrimPol. SLFN11 is activated upon single-stranded DNA accumulation at stalled forks followed by replication protein A exhaustion and cell death.

Using dopamine photometry and reinforcement learning models in mice flexibly acquiring cue–action–outcome associations with rule switches, Bernklau et al. show that striatal dopamine reflects an animal’s current understanding of their task.

Understanding the dual role of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin antibodies in influenza transmission is crucial for enhancing vaccine efficacy. Here, the authors use household transmission studies and mathematical models and find that neuraminidase immunity reduces infectivity, suggesting vaccines targeting both glycoproteins could lower community transmission and offer broader protection.

The authors present the results of a phase I/II clinical trial using autologous CD133+ bone marrow stem cell therapy to restore fertility in patients with Asherman Syndrome. The intervention was safe and showed promising results for the restoration of menstruation and reproductive function.

Arrays of nanowire loops consisting of two temperature-dependent superconducting switches and a variable kinetic inductor can be used to create a robust and scalable superconducting memory.

Three BRAF inhibitors are used to treat melanoma and colorectal cancer. Here, the authors demonstrate that these drugs bind and activate the protein kinase GCN2, a previously unappreciated off-target effect that may modulate tumour cell responses.

This study applies a global food and land system modelling framework to quantify the impact of 23 food system measures on 15 outcome indicators related to public health, the environment, social inclusion and the economy—from today until 2050.

Prime editing is a CRISPR methodology whose efficiency declines with distance from the target sequence. Here the authors demonstrate prime editing with prolonged editing window, proPE, which extends the editing distance, enabling the use of prime editing for therapeutic interventions.

Natural products have historically made a major contribution to pharmacotherapy, but also present challenges for drug discovery, such as technical barriers to screening, isolation, characterization and optimization. This Review discusses recent technological developments — including improved analytical tools, genome mining and engineering strategies, and microbial culturing advances — that are enabling a revitalization of natural product-based drug discovery.

Phagosomal delivery of heteroduplex RNA sheds light into the initial recognition of exogenous RNAs and entry into the RNA interference pathway.

Glaciers have profoundly shaped Earth’s surface, but glacial erosion models lack a strong empirical basis. Cook et al. have compiled a dataset that illustrates how the speed at which glaciers move controls the rate at which they erode, and that climate is crucial in modulating glacier sliding speed and erosion rates.

Cancer immunotherapy benefits from antibody-lectin chimeras that block glyco-immune checkpoints.

Carnitine uptake by OCTN2 supports fatty acid metabolism. Here, authors report cryo-EM structures of human OCTN2, revealing the mechanism of sodium ion-dependent carnitine transport and providing insight into disease-associated variants.

A 580,000-year cave record from southern Nevada reveals how temperature, ice sheets, and summer insolation influenced the southwest United States’ unique climate history over the last six glacial-interglacial cycles.

Here the authors show that gut metagenomes of Indigenous Australian infants living remotely, display greater diversity and abundance of bacteria, viruses and fungi, compared to non-Indigenous infants living in urban Australia, suggesting that while having access to Western foods, the infants start life with a gut microbiome that retains key features of pre-industrialized societies.

Quantum mechanics predicts that objects can simultaneously exist in a superposition of two states. Kneeet al.propose and demonstrate experimentally a protocol which fully confirms this prediction, by testing the so-called Leggett–Garg inequality in a non-invasive manner.

Using massively parallel splicing assays and mathematical modeling, Bonnal et al. uncover that conserved splice site strength and exon length encode microexon sensitivity to SRRM3 and SRRM4. This work revises the switch-like splicing regulation model into a dose-responsive continuum.

According to Elton’s biotic resistance hypothesis, species-rich communities are more resistant to plant invasion. Guo et al. examine a dataset of over 12,000 vegetation plots and report that the influence of resident community richness and relatedness on invasion resistance varies in direction and magnitude along the introduction–naturalization–invasion continuum.

Accelerated recombination due to primordial magnetic fields presents a potential resolution to the Hubble tension. Such fields are found to be non-zero with moderate significance based on multiple combinations of cosmological datasets.

CGP and ASAF1 act at distinct stages of conoid complex biogenesis in T. gondii: CGP stabilises preconoidal rings post-replication, while ASAF1 directs early assembly and daughter cell formation.

Here, the authors show that peroxisome proliferation is a conserved response to proteotoxic stress that occurs through stimulation of biogenesis and mediated by TOR and HSR signaling. Importantly, peroxisomes enable survival to proteotoxic stress.

Seufert et al. analyse chromatin accessibility to identify sites that open simultaneously in response to TNF. They discover two distinct types of co-accessible regulatory module for controlling the induction of proinflammatory gene expression.

How changes in species’ native occupancy over time relate to global naturalization success remains unclear. Here, the authors show that species with both high occupancy decades ago and increasing native occupancy ever since are more likely to become naturalized elsewhere.

Eroglu et al. report that epicardial progenitor cells expressing the tight junction protein CLDN6 give rise to cardiomyocytes to contribute to cardiac muscle regeneration following heart injury in salamanders.

Here, the authors produce an updated termite classification with genomic scale analyses, highlighting thirteen family-level lineages and resilience of their classification to future termite research.

PENSIEVE-AI is a drawing-based, digital cognitive test that can be self-administered in <5 min. It matches traditional tests in detecting cognitive impairment and dementia, offering promise for early detection in literacy-diverse populations.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Pilcher et al. present a single-cell transcriptomics-based immune atlas of participants with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, reporting on the association of cell types, gene expression and intercellular interactions with disease progression phenotypes.

Using computational modelling and neurochemical analysis, this study shows how motor cortex excitatory signals guide belief updating and adaptive learning in uncertain environments.

This study applies AI to 10-K filings to measure firms advancing climate solutions across 88 technology topics. Analysis reveals growing climate solutions, with links to revenue growth, modest political divides, and cross-industry convergence.

Egan et al. examine multisensory evidence accumulation and show that auditory and visual evidence is accumulated in distinct processes during multisensory detection, and cumulative evidence in the two modalities sub-additively co-activates a single, thresholded motor process.

Freezing of gait (FOG) is among the most debilitating symptoms of Parkinson disease. This Consensus Statement from the International Consortium for Freezing of Gait presents new guidelines for the definition and assessment of FOG, with the aim of harmonizing the study and management of the condition.

Electron-induced light, cathodoluminescence, enables nanoscale optical analysis across disciplines. Here, the authors achieve multicolor cathodoluminescence imaging of sub-15-nm lanthanide nanoparticles and demonstrate its application for bioimaging.

A region on chromosome 19p13 is associated with the risk of developing ovarian and breast cancer. Here, the authors genotyped SNPs in this region in thousands of breast and ovarian cancer patients and identified SNPs associated with three genes, which were analysed with functional studies.

Bond et al. show that inducible PolG mutation in muscle causes mtDNA damage and muscle wasting. This is driven by the integrated stress response (ISR) and reduction in folate intermediates, linking impaired folate metabolism with ISR/disease induction.