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T cells contribute to protection and pathogenesis in tuberculosis. Here the authors sequence T cell receptor repertoires in human skin biopsies from the site of the tuberculin skin test and show enrichment of clonotypes reactive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a computational pipeline metaclonotypist to identify distinct TCRs predicted to share peptide-MHC reactivity across participants, as an approach to explore T cell correlates of tuberculosis disease-risk stratification and vaccine efficacy.

Analysis of a placebo-controlled trial of a BCMA-targeting CAR-T cell therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis shows that CAR-T cell infusion selectively remodels the systemic immune environment, with elimination of BCMA-high plasma cells and activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells and changes in the autoreactive B cell repertoire.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

Studying many-body quantum chaos on current quantum hardware is hindered by noise and limited scalability. Now it is shown that a superconducting processor, combined with error mitigation, can accurately simulate dual-unitary circuit dynamics.

Sonomate is a digital assistant for ultrasound examinations, supporting users through feedback, anatomical recognition and interactive question answering.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

A label-free, DNA-based proximity ligation assay that uses ligatable staple pairs enables the longitudinal quantification of DNA origami structural stability dynamics in vivo, with single-helix resolution for both wireframe and lattice designs.

T-cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) remains a major cause of kidney transplant failure with incompletely understood mechanisms. Here the authors use single-nucleus RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and immunofluorescence to show that injured kidney epithelial cell states associate with poor transplant outcomes after T-cell–mediated rejection.

Low-temperature calorimeters used in rare-event searches are often limited in sensitivity by noise, especially at low energies. Here, the authors show that CUORE can detect microseismic vibrations from the Mediterranean Sea and that a denoising algorithm reduces this noise, improving detector resolution and rare-event sensitivity.

Solid-state quantum emitters in the telecom C-band hold promise for quantum communication applications, but achieving high photon indistinguishability remains challenging. Here, the authors deterministically generate highly indistinguishable single photons in the telecom C-band from InAs/InAlGaAs quantum dots.

While the photoreceptor outer segments in the bird outer retina have access to oxygen, the inner retina operates under chronic anoxia, supported by anaerobic glycolysis in the retinal neurons.

This study examines long-term changes in species richness across tropical forests in the Andes and Amazon. Hotter, drier and more seasonal forests in the eastern and southern Amazon are losing species, while Northern Andean forests are accumulating species, acting as a refuge for climate-displaced species.

In this article, the authors characterise genetic variation in CARTaGENE, a population-based cohort from Quebec, Canada. This genomic resource enables population and disease genetic studies in a founder population and other under-represented groups.

A spatial and single-cell transcriptomics study across multiple mammalian species identifies epidermal BMP signalling as a functional requirement for rete ridge formation, providing insight into mechanisms underlying hair density loss and wound healing.

Here the authors perform longitudinal sampling of lymphoid organs along with fate mapping and matched single-cell RNA sequencing and TCR sequencing to define the developmental dynamics of follicular regulatory T (T_FR) cells. They find that T_FR cells undergo clonal expansion and progressive differentiation in a process that requires follicular helper T cells.

Multimodal fusion of digital pathology and transcriptomics can improve cancer diagnosis, but remains impractical in clinical settings. Here, the authors develop a crossmodal generative model, PathGen, to synthesise transcriptomic data from histopathology slides, and show how the combination of these multimodal data improves cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction.

Bohlen and colleagues report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL is necessary for the development, tolerance and activation of B cells in humans, unlike in mice where CBL deficiency results in loss of T cells.

Focused ion beam-based nanofabrication enables the production of 3D helical devices from single-crystalline Co₃Sn₂S₂. The resulting chiral geometry-driven symmetry breaking produces a diode-like electrical response in transport measurements.

Projected impacts of climate change on malaria burden in Africa by 2050 highlight the urgent need for climate-resilient malaria control strategies and robust emergency response systems to safeguard progress towards malaria eradication.

Experimental realizations of discrete time crystals have mainly involved 1D models with Ising-like couplings. Here, the authors realize a 2D discrete time crystal with anisotropic Heisenberg coupling on a quantum simulator based on superconducting qubits, uncovering a rich phase diagram.

How white matter develops along the length of major tracts in humans remains unknown. Here, the authors identify fundamental patterns of human white matter development along distinct axes that reflect brain organization.

Alzheimer’s disease alters brain structure broadly, but its regional impact is poorly mapped. Here, the authors show that App and Psen1 mutations in mice cause volume changes across 231 regions, which are associated with individual differences in behavior.

Here the authors show that persistent antigen stimulation drives the generation of CD8⁺ tissue-resident exhausted T cells with distinct developmental origins, function and therapeutic responsiveness when compared to CD8⁺ tissue-resident memory T cells.

It remains unknown why only some sickle cell disease (SCD) patients develop lung thrombosis. Here, the authors show that an extracellular vesicle-dependent mechanism prevents lung thrombosis in SCD and how a CD39 polymorphism impairs this protection to promote lung thrombosis in subset of patients.

The contribution of ether lipid species in cancer cell fate has not been fully understood yet. Here the authors show that malignant cancer cells employ ether lipids to modulate membrane biophysical properties, enhancing iron endocytosis and ferroptosis susceptibility.

Newly developed mouse models that enable cell-specific analyses of proteostasis dynamics across the lifespan of the mice reveal key aspects of neuronal proteostasis with ageing.

Neville, Ferguson et al. show that non-canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1.1-mediated gene silencing is antagonized by DOT1L and is required for the therapeutic efficacy of Menin and DOT1L inhibitors in mixed-lineage leukaemia.

MultiSuSiE is an extension of the Sum of Single Effects fine-mapping model that allows causal effect sizes to vary across ancestries. Applying MultiSuSiE to quantitative traits in All of Us identifies fine-mapped variants not implicated by other methods.

Becker et. al developed a proteomic proximity labeling platform named POCA, which makes use of a photosensitizer for singlet oxygen production and protein capture in the presence of amine, enabling profiling of interactomes of proteins and lipids in living cells.

Strongly enhanced optical nonlinearities and an ultrafast transition from coherent to incoherent polariton excitations are demonstrated by coupling an atomically thin WS₂ layer to a plasmonic nanostructure using ultrafast multidimensional spectroscopy.

Chen et al. present EMRAge, a biological age measure built using electronic medical records, and OMICmAge, a multi-omic signal superimposed on DNA methylation. Both measures show strong associations with disease and mortality in validation cohorts.

Terahertz microspectroscopic imaging at subgap millielectronvolt energies of a two-dimensional superfluid plasmon in few-layer Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x is demonstrated, allowing the spatial resolution of its deeply subdiffractive terahertz electrodynamics.

This study of magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene moiré superconductors using scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy identifies two energy gaps that develop from many-body resonance in this highly tunable class of materials.

An anti-HIV-1 antibody that targets an N332_gp120 glycan-independent V3 epitope, a site of Env vulnerability, can decline viremia in HIV-1-infected humanized mice while overcoming classical V3 escape mutations.

Off-the-shelf, on-demand allogeneic CAR-T cells could represent a therapeutic alternative to autologous products for cancer therapy. Here the authors report the preclinical characterization of off-the-shelf CRISPR-Cas9– edited IL-13Rα2-specific allogeneic universal CAR-T cells and the results of a first-in-human phase I trial in patients with high-grade glioma.

Global scale assessment of coastal vulnerability indicates that the most vulnerable coastal zones are located in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where there is also a large concentration of countries with low adaptive capacity.

Peer review information Nature Communications thanks Lars Rosendahl Appelquist and Daniela Pantusa for their contribution to the peer review of this work. A peer review file is available.

Understanding the electric double layer of liquid–electrode interfaces is essential for understanding electrochemical processes. Now it has been shown that structure-dependent water dissociation and hydroxyl adsorption at step sites dictate the double-layer capacitance and potential of zero charge, directly linking model single crystals with practical platinum electrodes.

An antiphage defence system has an activation mechanism that relies on the sensing of phage-encoded proteins that enforce geometry crucial to activation and are not typically present in non-infected cells.

By performing a CAR-adapted base-editing screen of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ, PIK3CD), Bucher et al. identify mutations affecting endogenous PI3K–AKT signaling that enhances CAR T cell antitumor potency.

A single-cell epigenomic atlas of human immune cells highlights cell-type-specific features associated with genetic or environmental exposures.

By combining satellite observations with ground-based data and expert validation, this analysis demonstrates considerable misestimation of grassland extent and thereby carbon stock estimates in previous global assessments based on remote sensing.

How leptin signalling produces anti‑obesity effects is incompletely understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that FAK and PYK2 are required for STAT3 activation, normal leptin responses, and HDAC6 inhibitor‑mediated weight loss, with their loss causing hyperphagic obesity.

Revealing the structural features governing ergodicity breaking is critical to understanding glass formation. Here, the authors synthesise a family of hybrid metal halide glasses, and show that the molecular shape and polarity determine rotational disorder, enabling diverse glass-forming abilities.

Three-component Fermi gases represent a versatile platform for quantum simulation, including quantum chromodynamics-like physics, pairing and few-body effects. Here the authors demonstrate control of spin imbalances and an unexpected asymmetric decay due to different three-body losses for each component, and whose microscopic mechanism remains to be understood.

Down syndrome (DS) increases gene dosage that disrupts neurodevelopment and cognition. Using human-derived isogenic neurons, this study reveals altered network activity, synaptic dysfunction, and ion channel defects underlying DS neural impairment.

One of three back-to-back papers to show dosage of BACH2 can modulate T cell differentiation and function and how we might apply this to enhance chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies for cancer.

In the phase 1/2 TRIDENT-1 trial, treatment of patients with NTRK fusion–positive advanced solid tumors with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor repotrectinib—selective for ROS1, TRKA−C and ALK—was safe and resulted in durable systemic and intracranial clinical response.