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While the photoreceptor outer segments in the bird outer retina have access to oxygen, the inner retina operates under chronic anoxia, supported by anaerobic glycolysis in the retinal neurons.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

Authors study links between amyloid secondary nucleation and growth defects, demonstrating these sites on Aβ40/Aβ42 fibrils are rare compared to the number of protein molecules. Re-analysis of published data suggests that defects may also drive secondary nucleation generally.

A hidden quality-control system to filter out defective sperm during development is exploited by selfish genes to eliminate competing chromosomes.

T-cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) remains a major cause of kidney transplant failure with incompletely understood mechanisms. Here the authors use single-nucleus RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and immunofluorescence to show that injured kidney epithelial cell states associate with poor transplant outcomes after T-cell–mediated rejection.

The contribution of ether lipid species in cancer cell fate has not been fully understood yet. Here the authors show that malignant cancer cells employ ether lipids to modulate membrane biophysical properties, enhancing iron endocytosis and ferroptosis susceptibility.

Inspired by how neurons in the brain communicate, Spiking Neural Networks are gaining attention as efficient models for solving spatiotemporal AI tasks. The authors introduce a training method for synaptic delays, improving accuracy on benchmark tasks while being faster and more efficient.

Viral ribonucleoprotein–viral protein networks form pre-replication centres that nucleate viral factories and drive respiratory syncytial virus replication.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

A single-cell epigenomic atlas of human immune cells highlights cell-type-specific features associated with genetic or environmental exposures.

This Perspective discusses current evidence on clonal hematopoiesis dynamics in humans and compares mathematical models used to predict CH progression, highlighting their implications for the clinical management of individuals with precursor states.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Halogen-substituted silylium ions are compounds for which Lewis superacidity has been predicted, but their synthesis has proven challenging. Now a series of ionic halosilylium Lewis superacids have been prepared in the condensed phase, opening the door to their application in synthetic processes.

Candida auris can scavenge carbon dioxide from microenvironments through Nce103 to sustain fitness when colonizing human skin.

The accumulation of cytotoxic deoxysphingolipids causes retinopathies through unknown mechanisms. Here the authors use retinal organoids to show that photoreceptor toxicity is mediated by unfolded protein response signaling.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet responded to different natural forcing mechanisms than the East Antarctic Ice Sheet through the mid-Pliocene due to a greater sensitivity to oceanic feedbacks, according to iceberg-rafted debris records and ice-sheet modelling experiments.

The authors combine fossil occurrence data, phylogenies and climatic niche modelling to explore the palaeobiogeography of early pterosaurs and their non-flying close relatives, the lagerpetids.

Retinitis pigmentosa leads to blindness and treatments are limited. Here, the authors report injectable donor-acceptor polymers and graphene oxide that restore visual response and perception in rodent and pig models.

Zierer et al. engineered cassava to express a modified potassium channel that enhances sugar flow, improving the yield and drought resilience. This strategy offers a route to increase cassava productivity in tropical regions.

Drug combination therapy is often required to overcome the limited benefits of monotherapy in cancer treatment. Here the authors present SynergyLMM, which harmonizes analyses of drug combination experiments in animal studies, helping researchers statistically test synergy and antagonism, design well-powered experiments, and enhancing eventual translation to more effective combination therapies.

A solid hitting a liquid surface normally creates a region of high pressure at the solid-liquid contact area. Now, it is shown that for a flat-bottomed cylinder hitting a liquid at low-enough impact speed, the local pressure is sufficiently low to cause the liquid to cavitate.

C-COMPASS is an open-source software designed to predict the spatial cellular distribution of proteins and lipids from cellular organelle profiling using a neural network-based regression model.

High-throughput chemical ligand discovery is challenged by false positives. Here, authors introduce a scalable enantioselective affinity-selection mass spectrometry approach for proteome-wide ligand discovery with high sensitivity and selectivity

The question of how to define a species has a long history and continued relevance for ongoing biological and conservation research. This Review describes the history of the species problem, and explores how novel evolutionary pressures and constraints of the Anthropocene might be complicating species definitions even further.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis of retina from 17 vertebrate species shows high conservation of retinal cell types and suggests that midget retinal ganglion cells in primates evolved from orthologous cells in ancestral mammals.

This preclinical study demonstrates the potential of a drug repurposing strategy using the coadministration of tamsulosin, metoprolol, and bromocriptine to provide a mutation-agnostic therapy for inherited retinal degeneration.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

An international consortium reports the genomic sequence for ten Drosophila species, and compares them to two other previously published Drosophila species. These data are invaluable for drawing evolutionary conclusions across an entire phylogeny of species at once.

Efficient lead optimization in drug discovery requires improving potency, synthetic accessibility, and physicochemical properties. Here, the authors utilize machine learning to screen large chemical spaces, demonstrating automated selection of optimized molecules to improve cycle times.

Targeting FSP1 in lymph nodes has considerable potential for blocking melanoma progression.