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Dietary n-6 PUFAs enhance adipose tissue expandability through the PPARγ–LPCAT3 membrane remodelling axis.

The authors show that mitochondria can chronically hyperpolarize under normal or disease conditions and be induced by environmental exposures. This triggers phospholipid remodeling, which in turn affects the epigenome to regulate transcription.

The Micrarchaeota lineage includes poorly characterized archaea with reduced genomes that likely depend on host interactions for survival. Here, the authors report a stable co-culture of a member of the Micrarchaeota and its host, and use multi-omic and physiological analyses to shed light on this symbiosis.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

The relationship between lipid dyshomeostasis and tau pathology in FTLD and AD remains unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate that GRAMD1B contributes to lipid dyshomeostasis, autophagy impairment, and tau hyperphosphorylation in neurons.

Outer membrane vesicles from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other Gram-negative pathogens can kill macrophages via induction of mitochondrial apoptosis and activation of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BAK, and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome.

The plasmid-encoded MCR-1 enzyme modifies bacterial lipid A, thus conferring resistance to the antibiotic colistin. Here, Yang et al. show that MCR-1 expression can decrease in vitro growth rate, fitness and immune stimulation, and can reduce virulence in a Galleria mellonella infection model.

Collisional mixing of lipids in SMA or DIBMALPs has been shown recently. Here, authors show proteins in these nanoparticles also undergo mixing, allowing for study of intramembrane proteolysis in lipid-polymer nanoparticles.

Here, Farley et al. perform untargeted lipidomics to assess how SARS-CoV-2 rewires host lipid metabolism. SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins specifically induce lipid droplet formation and dramatically change lipid metabolism to support infection; interfering with lipid metabolism using small molecule inhibitors decreases virus production.

How autophagy supports tumor cell metabolism is not fully clear. Here, the authors show that autophagy regulates lipid availability to support mitochondrial oxidative metabolism through mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, necessary for cell proliferation in AML.

Multi-proxy core data and model simulations support the presence of temperate rainforests near the South Pole during mid-Cretaceous warmth, indicating very high CO₂ levels and the absence of Antarctic ice.

Critical illness leads to altered metabolic states and bioenergetic failure caused by impaired utilisation of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids. Here the authors show ketogenic diets may provide a safe and acceptable alternative metabolic fuel enabling energy production and maintaining tissue homeostasis.

The Omp85 superfamily is a widely distributed class of outer membrane proteins found in Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Here the authors show that PlpD has a different structure and topology than other Omp85 proteins that have been studied.

Xiao and Kennelly et al. show that Aster-mediated nonvesicular cholesterol transport in the liver regulates hepatic and systemic lipid homeostasis during fasting, as well as reverse cholesterol transport.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

Cryo-electron microscopy snapshots of the E. coli flippase MsbA at discrete functional states reveal a ‘trap and flip’ mechanism for lipopolysaccharide flipping and the conformational transitions of MsbA during its substrate transport cycle.

By characterizing the composition of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs), König et al. define a MIRO1/2- and DRP1-dependent MDV biogenesis pathway and propose that MDVs maintain the mitochondrial proteome by shuttling assembled protein complexes to lysosomes.

The inherent toxicity of the aromatic compounds to the chassis strain hampers further improvement of bioproduction. Here, the authors show that membrane rigidifying effect of resveratrol can be attenuated by exogenous supplementation of palmitelaidic acid or linoleic acid in fermentation of Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Rich and colleagues identify that lymphatic endothelial-like cells in glioblastoma drive the growth of cancer stem cells via CCL21–CCR7 signaling, inducing KAT5 to acetylate HMGSC1, which enhances its protein stability and cholesterol synthesis.

In this study, Aggarwal and colleagues perform prospective sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates derived from asymptomatic student screening and symptomatic testing of students and staff at the University of Cambridge. They identify important factors that contributed to within university transmission and onward spread into the wider community.

Tracking the behaviour of normal versus microbiome-free honeybees in experimental colonies, the authors show that gut microbiota colonization was associated with an increase in the rate and specificity of social interactions among bees and higher abundances of brain metabolites linked to these interactions.

Hyperactivation of the toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been implicated as risk factors for more severe forms of disease in COVID-19 and metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Here the authors report that MBOAT7 is reduced in macrophages of patients with MAFLD and COVID-19, and acts as a negative regulator of TLR signalling.

COVID-19 can be associated with neurological complications. Here the authors show that markers of brain injury, but not immune markers, are elevated in the blood of patients with COVID-19 both early and months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in those with brain dysfunction or neurological diagnoses.

The hippocampus in mammalian brain varies in size across individuals. Here, Hibar and colleagues perform a genome-wide association meta-analysis to find six genetic loci with significant association to hippocampus volume.

In a GWAS study of 32,438 adults, the authors discovered five novel loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals. Variants for intracranial volume were also related to childhood and adult cognitive function and to Parkinson's disease, and enriched near genes involved in growth pathways, including PI3K-AKT signaling.

An adipocyte-selective product of the Clstn3 locus (CLSTN3β) facilitates the use of stored triglyceride by limiting lipid droplet (LD) expansion, defining a molecular mechanism that regulates LD form and function to facilitate lipid utilization in thermogenic adipocytes.

Structural and physiological studies show that the inner membrane protein PbgA is a crucial sensor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and regulates the activity of the LPS biosynthesis enzyme LpxC.

Research on microbes that inhabit the Earth's subsurface is mostly based on metagenomic information only. Here, Probst et al. combine metagenomics with ultrastructural and functional analyses to study the biology of a group of uncultivated subsurface archaea, the SM1 Euryarchaeon lineage.

There is no universal reference material to develop extracellular vesicle (EV) separation methods and carry out calibration and normalization. Here the authors use HIV-derived gag proteins to assemble recombinant fluorescent EV as a trackable reference material resembling the physical and biochemical properties of sample EV.

In this work, authors take a multiomics and microfluidics-based approach to elucidate the mechanism of endothelial damage in critical illness associated with SARS-CoV-2.

The presence of cancer can induce systemic disruption of the host homeostasis. Here, the authors show that different solid tumours remotely increase hepatic nicotinamide-Nmethyltransferase disrupting the host urea cycle metabolism in the liver.