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The Surface Water Ocean Topography mission observed week-long earth-shaking waves formed by landslide-induced tsunamis in an East Greenland fjord. Connecting these observations with seismic data confirms their existence and initial characteristics.

Serapio-García, Safdari and colleagues develop a method based on psychometric tests to measure and validate personality-like traits in LLMs. Large, instruction-tuned models give reliable personality measurement results, and specific personality profiles can be mimicked in downstream tasks.

Solving a task of optimal route search may be challenging for conventional algorithms. Here, authors use tunable random signals from magnetic tunnel junctions to improve a probabilistic greedy Traveling Salesman Problem solver to better balance exploration and efficiency, and make it applicable for larger problems.

Multiancestry fine-mapping of brain protein quantitative trait loci coupled with Mendelian randomization analyses identifies protein–trait pairs consistent with causal effects across neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

Translation initiation and elongation factors can be targets for cancer treatment. Here, the authors show that inhibiting translation elongation through eIF5A impairs mitochondrial function, slowing the proliferation of tumour cells.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Understanding the mechanisms behind clinical immunity to malaria is crucial for developing effective interventions. Here, the authors demonstrate that clinical immunity to Plasmodium vivax develops rapidly after a single controlled human malaria infection, reducing inflammatory responses and protecting against symptoms, while not significantly affecting parasite load.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Two double-sun exoplanets have been discovered by the Kepler spacecraft, establishing a new class of ‘circumbinary’ exoplanets and suggesting that at least several million such systems exist in our Galaxy.

Mechanisms underlying tumor cell plasticity remain poorly understood. Here, the authors show the presence of a dormant-invasive SOX10- subpopulation in cutaneous melanoma that can be targeted by cIAP1/2 inhibitors.

Electric fields in the solar atmosphere are not studied as widely as the magnetic fields mainly due to small, short living signals. Here, the authors show measurement of an electric field associated with magnetic diffusion triggering an energetic event in the solar atmosphere.

Long operational stability is essential to commercialisation of organic solar cells. Here, the authors investigate the thermal degradation of inverted photovoltaic devices based on PM6:Y6 non-fullerene system to reveal that trap-induced transport resistance is primarily responsible for the drop in fill factor.

Giles et al. developed a method for noninvasive absorbance measurement of mitochondrial hemes to monitor the mitochondrial membrane potential in the perfused heart. They then applied this approach to show how the mitochondrial membrane potential changed during cardiac ischemia.

Solar cells based on such coaxial nanowires made from silicon have been fabricated. Under a standard one solar equivalent (1-sun) illumination a maximum power output up to 200 pW per nanowire and an apparent energy conversion efficiency of up to 3.4% is achieved. Experiments demonstrate that such silicon nanowire photovoltaic elements can serve as robust power sources in nanoelectronic circuits.

Combining the infrared capabilities of JWST and synthetic tracking techniques, the detection of some of the smallest asteroids ever observed in the main belt is reported; their large abundance reveals a population driven by collisional cascade.

A transparent, 10-nm-thick gold film working at the percolation threshold provides superior antifogging capabilities.

Quantifying recombination in halide perovskites is crucial, but quantitative analysis remains rare. Here the authors observe a long-lived and continuously changing photoluminescence decay time due to the high density of shallow defects and substantial rates of charge carrier trapping.

The intensity of UVA light, in addition to the photoperiod, is shown to determine seasonal change in the marine mass spawning annelid Platynereis dumerilii.

Bifacial solar cells can outperform monofacial cells by exploiting sunlight reflected off the ground surface. De Bastiani et al. show that bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem with an optimized bandgap can deliver a power density of 26 mW cm^–2 and compare its performance to monofacial cells under outdoor conditions.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

A modelling study suggests that Mars had a desert-like climate with intermittent liquid-water oases regulated by a negative feedback among solar luminosity, liquid water and carbonate formation.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Inspired by how neurons in the brain communicate, Spiking Neural Networks are gaining attention as efficient models for solving spatiotemporal AI tasks. The authors introduce a training method for synaptic delays, improving accuracy on benchmark tasks while being faster and more efficient.

Antarctic Bottom Water progressively filled more of the deep Southern Ocean through the last deglaciation, potentially contributing to the increase in atmospheric CO₂, according to neodymium isotope records from the Weddell–Enderby Basin.

Suzgun et al. find that current large language models cannot reliably distinguish between belief, knowledge and fact, raising concerns for their use in healthcare, law and journalism, where such distinctions are critical.

Analysing camera-trap data of 163 mammal species before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, the authors show that responses to human activity are dependent on the degree to which the landscape is modified by humans, with carnivores being especially sensitive.

Geochemical data reveals that volcanic pulses caused episodic climatic cooling from ~470 to 445 million years ago, driven by basalt weathering.

Despite often being poorly immunogenic, some subsets of patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR + /HER2-) breast cancer benefit from immunotherapy. Here, the authors present a randomised pilot clinical trial comparing a neoadjuvant run-in of either nab-paclitaxel or pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) monotherapy, followed by the combination, in patients with stage II-III HR + /HER2- breast cancer.

Wolves in Asia are remarkably diverse, inhabiting some of the world's hottest deserts to the high plains of the Tibetan plateau. However, they remain understudied and poorly understood. Here, we sequenced whole genomes of wolves in Asia to assess their evolutionary history and genetic diversity.

Low-metallicity molecular clouds in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies exhibit a strong deficiency in turbulent support against their self-gravity, suggesting that the magnetic field may play a dominant role in supporting clouds under such conditions.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells specific for an antigen, BCMA, have shown efficacy in controlling multiple myeloma in some patients, but responses vary. Here the authors show that, by over-expressing a granzyme B-NOXA fusion protein in anti-BCMA CAR T cells, cancer cells are rendered more susceptible to apoptosis induction and CAR T-mediated killing.

Many premalignant colorectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis arise polyclonally rather than from a single mutated cell, showing diverse early evolutionary trajectories that frequently occur without clonal APC or KRAS driver events.

The power conversion efficiencies of most organic solar cells roll off quickly with thickness more than 100 nm. Here, Wu et al. show that avoiding excessive charge accumulation in the intra-bandgap tail states is vital to maintain the photocurrent generation at high thickness.

FinFETs are an evolution of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) featuring a semiconducting channel vertically wrapped by conformal gate electrodes. Here, the authors use a two-dimensional semiconductor to push the FinFET width to sub-nm whilst achieving a 107 ON/OFF ratio.

The three-dimensional structure of all cloud complexes in the solar neighbourhood is revealed, showing a narrow and coherent 2.7-kpc arrangement of dense gas, in disagreement with the Gould Belt model.

Years of data from atomic clocks around the world allow estimation of the variation of their rates with the spatial change of the solar potential. This allows the most precise null test of the local position invariance principle of general relativity.

Elemental silicon is widely studied for photovoltaic applications. Here, the authors report that hydride-terminated silicon nanocrystals can also function as single component heterogeneous reducing agent for converting gaseous carbon dioxide selectively to carbon monoxide.

The contribution of solar-wind ions exchanging electrons with helium and hydrogen near the Sun is shown to be only about 40 per cent of the 1/4-keV X-ray flux observed in the Galactic plane; this supports the existence of a local ‘hot bubble’ filled with X-ray-emitting gas, accounting for the rest of the flux.