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A modeling approach to assess the global risk of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 gene deletions identifies ten priority African countries for surveillance and could inform malaria control policies.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Multi-strain pathogens, such as influenza, present challenges for interpretation of seroprevalence data as estimates may vary by strain. Here, the authors develop a method for estimating age-specific seroprevalence based on principal components analysis and apply it to influenza data from Vietnam.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is a significant cause of severe community-acquired infection, primarily in Asia. Here, the authors characterise the genetic profile, phylogenetic structure, and plasmid features of hvKp in Vietnam.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing, the authors here describe immune signatures defined by dysfunctional NK and T-cell responses that discriminate patients who develop severe dengue infection from those with uncomplicated dengue.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

TCR-T cells are T cells engineered to express a specific T cell receptor. Here the authors present a TCR-T cell that targets CTNNB1-S37F, corresponding to a shared cancer driver mutation. This immunotherapy killed solid tumors when applied to a patient-derived xenograft model in mice.

A high-resolution, global atlas of mortality of children under five years of age between 2000 and 2017 highlights subnational geographical inequalities in the distribution, rates and absolute counts of child deaths by age.

Emergence of malaria parasites resistant to artemisinin has prompted the need for new drug regimens to ensure effective treatment. In this simulation study, the authors evaluate the risk of multidrug resistance under regimens with either concurrent or cyclic use of different first-line therapies.

Triple artemisinin-based combination therapies have shown high efficacy for treatment of malaria in preliminary studies. Here, the authors use mathematical modelling to assess whether these therapies could also delay the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance when compared against frontline therapies.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

In this randomized, controlled integrated phase 1/2/3a/3b clinical trial, the authors show that the self-amplifying mRNA COVID-19 vaccine ARCT-154 shows good immunogenicity and is safe and efficient against COVID-19 (57% against any COVID-19, and 95% against severe COVID-19).

The geographic distribution of dengue has been expanding in recent decades, and Vietnam is one of the most severely affected countries. In this study, the authors use Bayesian hierarchical modelling to investigate the socio-environmental and climatic drivers of dengue incidence in Vietnam and how they vary across the country.

Martin Hibberd, Cameron Simmons and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for dengue shock syndrome, a severe complication of dengue, in pediatric cases and controls from Vietnam. They identify common variants at MICB within the broad MHC region on chromosome 6 and at PLCE1 on chromosome 10 associated with dengue shock syndrome in people with dengue.

Le, Phung, Bui et al. investigate nasal-spraying Bacillus spore probiotics (LiveSpo Navax) as a supportive treatment for Respiratory Syncytial Virus pneumonia with bacterial co-infections in young children. Use of the probiotic reduces symptoms, antibiotic use, viral and bacterial loads, and improves immune and nasal microbiota.

Recent prior influenza A infection is associated with elevated hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody responses and greater breadth of reactivity to influenza strains following vaccination, suggesting that infection history boosts vaccine responses.

As part of a randomized controlled trial in Viet Nam, this study finds that pneumococcal-specific memory B cells (B_mem) are higher following a 1 + 1 compared to a 0 + 1 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedule and higher for PCV13 compared to PCV10. B_mem did not wane as rapidly as IgG by 24 months of age.

A model investigating 26 possible malaria treatment policy intervention scenarios showed that introducing multiple first-line antimalarial therapies is the most effective single policy change in slowing the spread of artemisinin-resistant pfkelch R561H mutations in Rwanda over 5 years.

The choroid plexus is a crucial but understudied brain tissue. Here, the authors use stem cells and tissue samples to trace its origins and lineage during pregnancy and to create new models for its support of the developing human brain.

Interviews with local people and camera-trap surveys have led to the first scientifically confirmed sightings of the silver-backed chevrotain for more than 25 years. The news that this species is not extinct is tempered by major threats of habitat loss and poaching in the region.

Cyborg insects combine living insects with miniature electronic controllers, offering several advantages over conventional robots. Here, the authors propose an algorithm that can navigate a swarm of cyborgs from the start to a predetermined goal in an unknown sandy terrain in the presence of obstacles and hills.

How synovial fibroblasts activate cartilage degradation in arthritis is not well understood. Here, the authors identify an O-glycosylation program and glycosylated Calnexin in synovium’s edge fibroblasts as drivers of extracellular matrix degradation, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.

This study presented a noval material derived from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which was crosslinked with L-glutamic acid to improve the poor stability of PVA in water and modified with surface porosity introduced by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The research primarily focused on elucidating the influence of PEG on the physicochemical properties of the material, which were governed by phase separation and hydrogen bonding interactions with PVA. The presence of porous structures significantly altered the material’s properties and enhanced its adsorption capacity toward copper(II) ions.