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Brain cytoplasmic (BC1) RNA is a non-coding RNA that has been implicated in translational regulation, seizure, and anxiety. Here, the authors show that in the cortex, BC1 RNA is required for sensory deprivation-induced structural plasticity of dendritic spines, as well as for correct sensory learning and social behaviors.

Loss of PIK3R1 in ovarian cancer is a common event, which provides opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Here, the authors show that the STAT3 and AKT signaling pathways are activated upon PIK3R1 loss and that, in mice, inhibitors of these pathways could block tumorigenesis.

The neocortex is responsible for higher level cognitive functions and long-range neural connections are critical for mediating these functions. Here, Srivatsa et al.show that axon guidance molecules downstream of transcription factors Stab2 and Ctip2 play a role in the establishment of cortical connections during mouse brain development.

The authors describe BoltzNet, a neural network that learns the energy of transcription factor (TF)-DNA binding from genomic data and can be used to design new binding sites. They report the in vivo mapping and BoltzNet modeling of 139 E. coli TFs.

Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analyses of brain from humans, macaques, marmosets, mice and ferrets reveal diverse ways that interneuron populations have changed during evolution.

A novel covalent inhibitor, ISM3312, targets the main protease of multiple human coronaviruses, including drug-resistant strains, and shows broad antiviral activity. It offers a promising therapeutic strategy against current and future coronavirus threats.

Patients with ovarium cancer frequently develop resistance to platinum chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors (PARPi). Here, the authors show that the combination of PARP and ATR inhibitors increases the therapeutic response in PARPi and platinum resistant ovarium cancer PDX models.

Here, Gassen et al. show that S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is responsible for lysine-48-linked poly-ubiquitination of beclin 1, resulting in its proteasomal degradation, and that inhibition of SKP2 enhances autophagy and reduces replication of MERS coronavirus.

Activation of the non-canonical NF-κB signalling pathway by AZD5582 results in the induction of HIV and SIV RNA expression in the blood and tissues of antiretroviral-therapy-treated humanized mice and rhesus macaques.

Somatic mutations are identified from circulating cell-free DNA using a single-molecule-based lowpass whole-genome sequencing method. The regional distribution of mutations can identify a tumor-specific mutational profile in patients with cancer and can be used to monitor patients through treatment.

Exercise has positive effects on the brain during aging. Here the authors show that in mice, platelet-released exerkine PF4 mediates the effects of exercise on the brain.

d-arginine and d-lysine are chemorepellent molecules sensed by a novel chemotaxis receptor in Vibrio cholerae that trigger a run-away response under adverse conditions.

A study reveals that the skin acts as an autonomous lymphoid organ, producing antibodies to control the local biomass of the microbiota and protect against systemic infection, maintaining homeostasis between the host and its microbiota.

In this study, a deep learning-based model of left atrial size in UK Biobank enabled genome-wide association studies in 35,049 healthy participants. Several lines of evidence, including the PITX2 locus, linked left atrial dysfunction to atrial fibrillation risk.

Ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening has been exploited to improve drug delivery in the brain. Here the authors show that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in combination with intravenous injection of microbubbles enhances the delivery of doxorubicin and anti-PD1 in gliomas, improving anti-tumor immune responses.

Here, Jacobsen et al show that Varicella zoster virus glycoprotein C binds interferon gamma and induces biased signalling through its receptor, leading to higher expression of adhesion molecules, more T cell adhesion and viral spread from epithelial cells.

The Australian pitcher plant (Cephalotus sp.) genome reveals genetic changes associated with prey attraction, capture, digestion and nutrient absorption. Comparison with other carnivorous plants reveals constraints on evolution of plant carnivory

The thickness of cortical layers varies among cortical areas. This study reports that the transcription factor AP2γ is specifically required for the generation of layer II/III neurons in the caudal primary visual cortex. Mice lacking AP2γ show impaired spatial resolution in visual cortex, whereas other parameters of visual cortex function remain close to normal.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arise from mutations of stem and progenitor cells. Here, authors identify a quiescent, label-retaining cell population in AML patient specimens that have tumor-initiation capacity and unique epigenetic and transcriptional properties that can be functionally altered by expression of transcription factors such as JUN.

Larionova et al. identify a mechanism by which acidification of the tumour microenvironment within the glioblastoma core induces the generation of an alternative splice isoform of ribosomal protein RPL22L1, which regulates cell stemness and increases tumour heterogeneity.

During pregnancy, maternal cells are transferred to the fetus, where they can reach the developing brain. In this study, the authors demonstrate that these maternal cells play an important role in neurodevelopment.

Unique microorganisms of a fossil river delta in the Atacama Desert unveil the current limits of life detection on Mars.

Village cultures, where multiple stem cell lines are cultured in a single dish, provide an elegant solution for population-scale studies. Here, authors show the utility of village models – showing that expression heterogeneity is largely a result of line-specific effects and not village cultures.

Murre and colleagues identify a specific enhancer, E34, within the Igk locus that is required for chromatin remodeling and repositioning to promote Rag-mediated Igkv7-33 V_κ-J_κ gene recombination, needed for generation of anti-phosphorylcholine-specific antibodies. Mice lacking E34 are more susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.

Currently available platforms to study liver stage of Plasmodium species have limitations. Here, the authors show that primary human hepatocyte cultures in 384-well format support hypnozoite and other liver stage development and are suitable for drug and antibody screens.

HERG channel inactivation is critical for normal heart rhythm. Authors determine structures of open and non-conducting states of HERG and identify a key role for S620 on the pore helix in coordinating transitions between open and inactivated states.

In both focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN), kidney injury is characterised by the invasion of glomerular tufts by parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Here Lazareth et al. identify the tetraspanin CD9 as a key regulator of PEC migration, and find its upregulation in FSGS and CGN contributes to kidney injury in both diseases.

This analysis of a large, clinically annotated cohort of individuals with predisposition to myelodysplastic syndromes reveals insights into the genetic determinants of disease progression and their relationship with clinical manifestations and therapy outcome.

Recent research has shown that mutational signatures reflective of the history of a cancer can be detected in a cancer genome. Here, using whole genome sequencing of DNA repair deficient and proficient nematodes exposed to genotoxins, the authors show that these mutational signatures reflect both the initial DNA damage that was inflicted and the repair processes that ensue.

Liver fibrosis develops from excessive matrix produced by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Here, authors identify ABHD17B via an siRNA screen and show that ABHD17B regulates the fibrotic activity of HSCs and promotes liver fibrosis in vivo.

GIANT, a genetically informed brain atlas, integrates genetic heritability with neuroanatomy. It shows strong neuroanatomical validity and surpasses traditional atlases in discovery power for brain imaging genomics.

This study explores apelin receptor’s role in cardiovascular function, identifying residues critical for binding through genetic variants, AlphaFold2 modelling and base editing in cardiomyocytes. Co-crystallization with biased agonist CMF-019 shows a unique binding mode versus endogenous peptides.

Viruses manipulate host cell pathways to support infection. Here the authors show that SARS-CoV-2 infection modulates cellular metabolism and limits autophagy, and identify druggable host pathways for virus inhibition.

Single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor sequencing are combined to identify transcriptional programs specific to mutation-associated neoantigen-specific T cells in non-small cell lung cancers treated with anti-PD-1, providing insights into resistance to PD-1 blockade.

Stem cells exist in vitro in a spectrum of interconvertible pluripotent states. Here, authors show that pluripotency and self-renewal processes have a high level of regulatory complexity and suggest that genetic factors contribute to cell state transitions in human iPSC lines.

The genome of the Asian pitcher plant shows a decaploid structure and highlights the differential contributions of subgenomes to the evolution of novel genes, such as those associated with dioecy and trapping pitcher leaves.

During vertebrate embryogenesis, the pharyngeal arch arteries (PAA) connect segments of the primitive circulation. Burns and colleagues show that Nkx2.5⁺ heart precursors from the lateral plate mesoderm surprisingly give rise to the PAA angioblasts, and that Nkx2.5 is required for PAA development.

Gasparin et al. evaluated the analytical performance of the Hilab Lens point-of-care hematology device compared to conventional hematology. The Hilab Lens demonstrated high precision, strong correlation (r ≥ 0.95), and high accuracy (≥ 98.8%), supporting its use in resource-limited clinical settings.

Genome-wide analyses of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data identify loci associated with right heart structure and function. A polygenic predictor of right ventricular ejection fraction is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy risk.