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Tau misfolds in Alzheimer’s disease, but how the link between tau filament structure and pathogenicity is unclear. This study shows that both filament core structure and phosphorylation in the fuzzy coat are required for full seeding capacity.

High-precision measurements could disclose fundamental dissimilarities between matter and antimatter, which are found imbalanced in the Universe. Here, the authors measure the magnetic moment of the antiproton with six-fold higher accuracy than before, finding it consistent with that of the proton.

While machine learning shows promise in expanding protein engineering efforts, its potential is limited by the challenge of gathering large datasets of sequence-function relationships. Here, authors introduce a platform that integrates cell-free DNA assembly and gene expression to accelerate enzyme engineering.

Radial growth in the roots of Arabidopsis, which is mediated by gene expression activated by the mobile PEAR1 and PEAR2 transcription factors, is initiated around protophloem-sieve-element cell files of procambial tissue.

Spin-flip resonance data are used to place direct constraints on the interaction of ultralight axion-like particles with antiprotons, improving the sensitivity to the corresponding coupling coefficient by five orders of magnitude.

The successful transport of a trapped proton cloud from the antimatter factory of CERN using a transportable, superconducting, autonomous and open Penning-trap system that can distribute antiprotons into other experiments is reported.

CB₂ receptor agonists are developed as potential analgesics or immune-modulatory compounds. Here, the authors characterize the pharmacological properties of widely used CB₂ receptor agonists and antagonists, recommending three that appear most suitable for in vitro and in vivostudies.

This study uses a transgenic mouse line expressing Cre-inducible astro-hM3Dq to study astrocytes’ role in neuroinflammation and cognition without the use of viral transduction, mitigating the potential side effects associated with standard techniques.

Coherent quantum transition spectroscopy of the spin of a single antiproton is reported, demonstrating Rabi oscillations of the spin and enabling improved measurement of matter/antimatter symmetry using proton and antiproton magnetic moments.

The reductive deuteration of unsaturated hydrocarbons is a promising deuterium-labelling strategy, although it requires expensive gaseous D₂ or other stoichiometric reagents. Here, an electrocatalytic palladium membrane reactor is employed to selectively generate C(sp³)–D bonds via reduction of unsaturated compounds using D₂O.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

Multiple high-precision measurement campaigns at CERN of the antiproton-to-proton charge-to-mass ratio—to a precision of 16 parts per trillion—in a cryogenic multi-Penning trap offer no evidence of charge–parity–time violation, and set stringent limits on the clock-weak-equivalence principle.

The One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining green plant evolution that comprises the transcriptomes and genomes of diverse species of green plants.

Here, Swarte et al. use metagenomics to investigate the association between the gut microbiome and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in kidney transplant recipients, showing evidence for the association of multiple taxonomic, metabolic and neuroactive pathways (gut brain modules) with lower HRQoL, together suggesting potential modifiable gut microbial factors to improve HRQoL.

A single electromagnetically trapped proton is sympathetically cooled to below ambient temperature by coupling it through a superconducting LC circuit to a laser-cooled cloud of Be⁺ ions stored in a spatially separated trap.

The availability of facile cross-coupling protocols is sometimes blamed for the high occurrence of ‘flat’ aromatic molecules in drug-screening collections. Here, reagents are described that make possible the one-step transformation of aldehydes into medium-ring saturated N-heterocycles. The methodology has exceptional substrate scope and functional group tolerance and provides a route to heterocycles not easily prepared by other methods.

OpenSAFELY, a new health analytics platform that includes data from over 17 million adult NHS patients in England, is used to examine factors associated with COVID-19-related death.

The CPT theorem (the assumption that physical laws are invariant under simultaneous charge conjugation, parity transformation and time reversal) is central to the standard model of particle physics; here the charge-to-mass ratio of the antiproton is compared to that of the proton, with a precision of 69 parts per trillion, and the result supports the CPT theorem at the atto-electronvolt scale.

The magnetic moment of the proton is directly measured with unprecedented precision using a double Penning trap.

A very precise measurement of the magnetic moment of a single electron bound to a carbon nucleus, combined with a state-of-the-art calculation in the framework of bound-state quantum electrodynamics, gives a new value of the atomic mass of the electron that is more precise than the currently accepted one by a factor of 13.

Quint et al. use zebrafish lines deficient in one of two orthologs of the Gap Junction Delta-2 (GJD2) gene, which is associated with myopia by genome-wide association studies. They link gjd2 with refractive error and report evidence to suggest that gjd2a plays a role in ocular biometry whilst gjd2b, previously found in the retina, possesses an additional lenticular role.

Mutually orthogonal aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetase/transfer RNA pairs are required for genetically encoding non-canonical amino acids into proteins, as well as for the encoded cellular synthesis of polymers and macrocycles; however, the scalable discovery of such pairs is challenging. A quintuply orthogonal set of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase/pyrrolysyl-tRNA pairs has now been generated through tRNA screening, engineering and directed evolution.

The freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia pulex forms defensive neckteeth in response to a collection of chemical cues (the kairomone), now identified as certain fatty acids conjugated to glutamine, released during digestion by its predator Chaoborus.

The synthesis of carboxylated IIR was achieved in high yield starting from brominated substrates, which were first converted to azides and used in the copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition reaction with acetylenic acids containing different aliphatic spacer lengths. Optimization of the reaction conditions was critical to avoid the formation of gel particles in the reactions and to achieve full conversion of the bromide to carboxylate derivatives.

The magnetic moment of the antiproton is measured at the parts-per-billion level, improving on previous measurements by a factor of about 350.