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Apomixis allows plants to reproduce clonally, yet it is unclear how rare sexual events shape their genomes. This study shows that residual sex in apomictic hickories causes recombination-driven loss of heterozygosity that exposes harmful mutations to selection and helps maintain clonality.

Here, the authors show that residues N490 and M492 of Hepatitis E Virus capsid protein are pivotal, albeit not exclusive, host tropism determinants of hepatitis E virus (HEV) for swine infection, which enhance the understanding of HEV’s zoonotic transmission and host specificity.

Sex dimorphism in the incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported. Here the authors show that, in males, androgen promotes regulatory T cell recruitment to impair γδ T cell antitumor immunity, implying that a Treg/S100a4/γδ T cell axis controls sex differences in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Schizophrenia is a complex brain disorder with its underlying protein changes generally not well understood. Here, authors show widespread alterations in the prefrontal cortex, marked by reduced energy production and disrupted synaptic function.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

A skeletal editing strategy for the direct conversion of oxazoles and isoxazoles into thiazoles and isothiazoles is described. These one-step transformations may be beneficial for drug development programmes by enabling rapid diversification of bioactive compounds and advancing structure–activity relationship studies.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

The substantia nigra and all Parkinson’s disease deep-brain stimulation targets are selectively connected to the somato-cognitive action network rather than to effector-specific motor regions.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Application of multiancestry and ensemble-based approaches yields improved polygenic risk prediction models for breast cancer and its subtypes among women of African ancestry.

Hong-Xuan Lin, Ji-Ping Gao, Jun-Xiang Shan and colleagues show that natural variation in a proteasome α2 subunit gene contributes to thermotolerance in African rice. Their follow-up studies suggest that the variant allele protects cells from heat stress by enhancing the elimination of cytotoxic denatured proteins and maintaining heat-response processes.

This study applies generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and advanced transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) methods to improve the discovery of colorectal cancer risk transcription factors and genes, including potential druggable targets.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

TRIM37–PARP1–TET1 signalling preserves stem cell function and prevents osteoporosis by regulating DNMT1 splicing through 5hmC maintenance, revealing a mechanism linking epigenetic control to stem cell function and bone health.

Hepatocyte-specific GPR110 mediates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis progression by regulating hepatic oestrogen sensitivity in a sex-specific manner, specifically in female mice.

Intelligent sensing technologies gain interest for the internet of things and applications that require collection and analysis of big data. Here the authors report a flexible and durable wood-based triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered sensing in athletic big data analytics.

Maintaining proper reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is critical for cellular and individual health, yet its dynamic nature encumbers monitoring and assessment. Here the authors propose a platform using mass cytometry-based detection, termed SN-ROP, to identify distinct ROS profiles associated with specific immune cell functions and disease states.

Fast reendothelialisation of vascular grafts is important for maintain patency. Here, the authors report on a vascular graft that regenerates the neo-adventitia with lymphatic endothelial cells, which increases the recruitment of circulatory progenitor cells, achieving 90% patency in small-diameter arterial grafts.

Chen et al. report the design and characterization of a systemically injectable oncolytic virus with tumor-targeting and low-immunogenic properties, engineered to induce tumor cell pyroptosis under local mild hyperthermia.

In this study, authors evaluate mass tuberculosis (TB) screening data from 183,808 elderly individuals in China, finding that abnormal chest X-rays significantly increase TB risk.

Kim, Wang, Clow and colleagues show that long-range chromatin loops bringing distal enhancers or super-enhancers together with promoters are cohesin dependent and cell type specific, whereas most short-range and promoter-centric transcriptional loops are cohesin independent and constitutive.

A three-dimensional printing method that integrates in situ laser-induced solidification with direct ink writing can be used to create stretchable electronics with stiffness gradients, flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity and soft magnetic robots for actuation functions.

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese and integrated PGC4 East Asian and European datasets, discovering 23 novel loci, prioritizing 39 credible risk genes and implicating BD-related cell types and druggable targets.

This study provides structural insight into the dynamic catalytic mechanism of OsSPS3, a key enzyme in plastoquinone-9 biosynthesis. OsFBN5 enhances the activity of the OsSPS3 dimer by shifting its catalytic mechanism from alternating to synchronous.

Rancid odors trigger retching and aversion. Here, authors show a nose-to-brain axis whereby such odors activate olfactory-piriform circuits that diverge to mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and nucleus accumbens to mediate retching-like behavior and aversion.

Mu-Ping Hsu and colleagues report a low-temperature Cu-Cu bonding approach using a thin silver layer that resists heat and humidity. The method improves bond stability, enabling reliable stacking for next-generation advanced packaging.

Changes in nucleosome positioning often underlie the reprogramming of gene expression during differentiation. Here Chen et al. describe a novel algorithm - iNPS - that outperforms current methods in accurately determine nucleosome position genome-wide.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

The role of RNA-binding protein (RBP) phase separation in transcriptional regulation and its contribution to tumorigenesis remains to be characterised. Here, the authors show that RBP AKAP95 physically co-condenses with the mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) translocated fragment commonly found in MLL rearranged (MLLr) leukemia to promote leukemogenesis.

Previous studies on biodistribution of microplastics showed discrepancies. This study provides quantitative data to date on how nanoplastics distribute and eliminate from the body using carbon-14-radiolabelled particles in rats.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

Extreme heat events are increasing due to climate change, which may reduce insect abundance. This study suggests that insect pests can buffer the impacts of heat waves via fine-scale behavioural thermoregulation, markedly promoting pest population growth and aggravating crop yield losses globally.

A combination of adenovirus-vectored and subunit protein intranasal vaccine enhances immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants in animal models and humans.

Data heterogeneity presents a challenge in distributed artificial intelligence (AI) for medical imaging across diverse clinical settings. Here, the authors develop HeteroSync Learning, a privacy-preserving distributed learning framework that mitigates data heterogeneity and outperforms classical, state-of-the-art, and foundation models.

The photochemical transformations of aryl thiols to other functional groups have been scarcely explored. Here the authors present a carboxylation of aryl thiols using 1 atmosphere of CO₂ under photoirradiative conditions, a methodology which can be extended to the degradation of polyphenylene sulfide.