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A single umbilical cord blood unit of CD34⁺ HSPCs produces a high number of CD19 CAR-iNK cells using a modified cell culture method.

Alpha-fetoprotein is a known biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, the authors analyse differences between AFP positive and negative patients to identify alterations in androgen receptor signalling.

The authors present a frequency-adjustable ferroelectric heterojunction based on K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ piezoelectric ceramic, which enabling therapeutic effects in a myocardial infarction animal model by long-term and high-precision transcranial neuromodulation.

Banerjee et al. report that the Vps13-like lipid transport protein BLTP2 regulates plasma membrane fluidity by maintaining phosphatidylethanolamine homeostasis. BLTP2 also facilitates breast cancer cell growth, suggesting a separate role in tumorigenesis.

Tear secretion from lacrimal gland is essential for ocular health, but the regulatory role of sympathetic nervous system is unclear. The authors show that sympathetic activation suppresses lacrimal tear secretion and aggravates dry eye disease via NA–Adra1a–Ucp2 signaling.

This study uncovers key challenges in allele-aware genome scaffolding with Hi-C data. A reference-independent Hi-C scaffolder showing superior performance was developed to construct the haplotype-resolved genome of triploid Miscanthus × giganteus.

Interorgan communications play key roles in the regulation of whole-body energy metabolism. Here, the authors report the myokine Musclin as a negative regulator of beige adipose thermogenesis and systemic energy homeostasis through Tfr1/PKA signalling mediated muscle fat crosstalk.

A 3.5 μm robotic device featuring plasmonic nanomotors and tweezer can deliver, capture, and release a single 70 nm nanodiamond. In this study, the authors develop and demonstrate such a microrobotic device.

SUMOylation of the host protein Pelota is known to contribute to host restriction of potyvirids. Here potyvirids-encoded RNA polymerases are shown to competitively interact with the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme SCE1 and thereby function as SUMOylation decoys to repress plant defense.

This study analyses radio observations of the jet in galaxy M87, from which the existence of a spinning black hole that induces Lense–Thirring precession of a misaligned accretion disk is inferred.

Metabolic rewiring of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can impair their antitumor functions. Sun and colleagues demonstrate that CTL-intrinsic activity of the kinase NIK is essential for CTL metabolic fitness in the tumor microenvironment.

Cellular metabolism is altered in many cancer types and the advent of metabolomics has allowed us to understand more about how this is dysregulated. Here, the authors report a method named CARVE to analyse the arterial supply and venous drainage of glioma patients during surgery and identify the metabolites that may be consumed and produced by the cancer.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is highly prevalent in China. Here, the authors carry out multi-region sampling of Chinese ESCC samples, and find recurrent ERBB4 mutations, BRCA1/2 variants, and amplification of CD274; together with high levels of genomic and T-cell receptor heterogeneity.

The genome sequence and its analysis of the diploid wild wheat Triticum urartu (progenitor of the wheat A genome) represent a tool for studying the complex, polyploid wheat genomes and should be a valuable resource for the genetic improvement of wheat.

Strong nonlinearities in 2D materials can lead to interesting applications in optoelectronics. Here the authors investigate the optical nonlinearity of palladium diselenide, determine the layer dependent two photon absorption efficiency and the saturable absorption modulation depth.

Salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway restricts the compatible infection of potyviruses. Here, Liu et al. show that potyviral NIb interacts with NPR1, the SA receptor in plants, preventing its sumoylation by SUMO3 and subsequent phosphorylation at Ser11/Ser15. This way, NPR1-mediated immunity is suppressed to promote virus infection.

Ji et al. assess the responses of four major large language models in the context of cardiovascular disease prevention queries in both English and Chinese. The large language model chatbots exhibit significant disparities in performance across different models and languages, with ChatGPT-4 outperforming the others in English.

The nanoparticle-polymer interface plays a key role in nanoparticle-polymer composites but understanding the structures and properties of the interfacial region remains challenging. Here, the authors directly observe the presence of two interfacial polymer layers around a nanoparticle in polar polymers with different polar molecular conformations from the bulk polymer leading to an enhancement in polarity-related properties of polymer nanocomposites

Zhu et al. identify Dapl1 as a negative regulator of CD8⁺ T cell responses by modulating NFATc2 activation and T cell exhaustion, leading to dysregulated control of chronic infection and cancer.

Chemoresistance is a main limitation for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, the authors show that an antibody drug conjugate-like compound targeting both EGFR and HER2 overcomes gemcitabine resistance in PDAC preclinical models by mechanisms involving the tumour suppressor SMAD4.

IL-15 has important functions in the activation and homeostasis of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and NK cells. Sun and colleagues demonstrate that the deubiquitinase Otub1 controls CTLs and NK cells in a cell-intrinsic manner by negatively regulating IL-15 signaling.

Zhu et al. show that, in response to growth factors, TBKBP1 recruits TBK1 to promote its activation by PKCθ, thereby facilitating mTORC1 activation, tumour-mediated immunosuppression and tumourigenesis.

The kinase NIK activates a noncanonical NF-κB2 signaling pathway. Shao-Cong Sun and colleagues show that conditional loss of NIK in dendritic cells alters gut microbiome composition and T_H17 cell responses, as a result of reduced expression of IL-23, pIgR and fecal IgA transcytosis.

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) regulates the homeostasis of many immune cell types, including natural killer T (NKT) cells, but the underlying mechanism is not completely clear. Here the authors analyse Tbkbp1-deficient mice and show that IL-15 induces Tbkbp1-dependent autophagy to modulate NKT survival.

Microglia are activated in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Here Shao-Cong Sun and colleagues demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Peli1 is expressed in microglia and is required for their activation and expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines after the induction of EAE. Disease severity is reduced in Peli1-deficient mice, partly through the effects of Peli1 on TLR signaling and Traf3 degradation.

The FarmGTEx Project aims to understand genetic control of gene activity under diverse biological and environmental contexts in domestic animals, providing a foundation for improving animal precision breeding, adaptation and human health.

The processes that underlie maintenance of the identity of regulatory T cells are unclear. Sun and colleagues show that expression of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13 by these cells is critical for this process.

Sun and colleagues show that the deubiquitinase USP15 stabilizes expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 in T cells, which results in inhibition of T cell activation, and in cancer cells, which results in survival of cancer cells.

T cell activation is tightly regulated by various regulatory mechanisms. Sun and co-workers show that the ubiquitin ligase Peli1 contributes to the maintenance of peripheral T cell tolerance by negatively regulating the transcription factor c-Rel.

Wang and colleagues show that the transcription factor Hoxb5, which is expressed in uncommitted hematopoietic progenitor cells but is absent from committed B cells and T cells, can reprogram pro-pre-B cells into functional early T cell lineage progenitors.

We introduce a major scientific endeavour called π-HuB (proteomic navigator of the human body), its aim being to generate and harness multimodality proteomic datasets to enhance our understanding of human biology.