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Electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution should balance activity and stability. Here, the authors report that co-regulating Fe and oxygen vacancies couples adsorbate evolution with lattice-oxygen mechanisms, delivering ampere-level alkaline freshwater/seawater oxidation with boosted activity and durability.

Semiconductor quantum dots that simultaneously support blue and yellow emission offer a route to realizing efficient white light-emitting diodes.

Dimensional regulation of 2D perovskites remains challenging due to progressive phase transitions in solution-based processes. Now a non-invasive surface reaction strategy enables the formation of phase-pure 2D perovskite contact layers, boosting the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells and modules.

Cheng et al. identify a mitochondrial complex IV (CIV) deficiency in the brains of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). They demonstrate that defects in mitochondrial CIV induce ALS-like phenotypes in rats and highlight CIV deficiency as a potential risk factor and therapeutic target for ALS.

Rechargeable magnesium batteries suffer from slow solid-state Mg²⁺diffusion in the intercalation cathode. Here the authors show magnesium/iodine chemistry in which the liquid–solid two-phase reaction leads to increased rate capabilities by overcoming the sluggish kinetics.

Identifying large-scale patterns from the attributes of individual lakes is a central yet often overlooked challenge in limnology. A new framework for lake hypsography at various spatial scales through aggregation of individual lake hypsographies offers a pathway to address this issue.

The safety profile of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use remains controversial. Here, the authors show that PPI use is associated with an increased risk of 15 leading global diseases, with absolute risks increasing with baseline risks, highlighting the need for personalized PPI use strategies.

Diagnosis of lung cancer from indeterminate pulmonary nodules remains challenging. Here, the authors develop a multi-omics signature to identify oncogenic nodules, and prevent unnecessary procedures.

Low-cost Cu catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) can transform industrial water electrolysis, but pure Cu typically exhibits a negligible HER. Here, combining pulsed laser ablation and subsequent electroreduction, Cu nanotwins form that enable the HER at an overpotential of 301 mV, with 125 h of stable operation at a current density of 500 mA cm⁻².

Wang and colleagues generate two protein-level mutant p53 reporters and use them to identify precancerous clones in normal tissues in vivo, characterized by increased amino acid metabolism and a transcriptomic signature that includes Ybx3.

Indicine cattle make up half of all cattle populations worldwide. Using a large genomic dataset, this study finds historic migrations and extensive introgression with domestic and wild bovine species has facilitated this species physiological adaptation to extreme environments.

Lake surface water temperatures have increased over recent decades, mainly driven by atmospheric conditions. Here the authors demonstrate that heat events drive a disproportionately large part of this lake surface warming and increases in lake heatwaves.

Photoproduction of solar fuels and important chemicals is of significant interest. Here, the authors construct a cobalt single atom-based photothermal-photocatalytic heterostructure that realizes efficient hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis from earth-abundant seawater.

Heat extremes occur more frequently with global warming. Here the authors show that short-term heat extremes play a critical role in shaping long-term dynamics of lake surface temperature, contributing 36.5% of the warming trends in Chinese lakes.

The clinical application of inhibitors targeting checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is challenged by limited efficacy. Here, the authors identify that thioredoxin (Trx) system inhibition mediates sensitivity to CHK1 inhibitor via regulating the activity of ribonucleotide reductase, demonstrating the synergistic effect of CHK1 inhibitor and inhibitors targeting Trx system in lung cancer models.

High-entropy materials are used in a range of applications but their synthesis at the nanoscale remains challenging. Now, a robust and general strategy to prepare high-entropy alloy and ceramic nanoparticles has been developed using laser scanning ablation. This approach takes only five nanoseconds per pulse to ablate precursors at atmospheric temperature and pressure.

This study shows that lake heating in response to atmospheric warming slows as surface waters warm and evaporate. Lake sensitivity to warming air is higher in clear, cold, undisturbed, or elevated lakes, but declines when land-use practices fertilize basins.

Occult node metastasis is a key staging component of non-small cell lung cancer. Here, the authors use deep learning to improve diagnosis of lymph node metastasis from PET and CT radiomics.

The epigenetic program underlying the differentiation of innate lymphoid cell precursors (ILCPs) into innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets remains poorly understood. Here the authors show genome-wide distribution of the DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in murine ILC subsets and at postnatal stage, gut microbiota contributes to the downregulation of TET1 level, resulting in an expansion of ILC1s.

Understanding bimetallic alloy oxidation is key to design of hollow-structured binary oxides and their optimization for applications, e.g., as catalysts. Here the authors combine real-time imaging and chemically-sensitive electron tomography to uncover unexpected complexity in possible morphological outcomes of bimetallic oxidation.

Upgrading wasted carbon emissions to high-value, multi-carbon products provides an economic route to reduce carbon dioxide levels, but such conversions have proven challenging. Here, authors explore copper adparticles as highly active surfaces that convert CO to n-propanol with high selectivities.

The electrocatalytic upgrading of CO to higher-value fuels provides a promising route to multi-carbon alcohol products. Here, the authors show that high alcohol selectivity and activity can be achieved by incorporating palladium in copper.

Host defense against helminth infection is mediated by mucosal type 2 immunity. Using gain- and loss-of-function mouse models, and mouse intestinal organoids, Xiong et al. show that SIRT6 modulates tuft and goblet cell expansion in intestinal epithelium by activating STAT6 to maintain type 2 mucosal immunity in response to helminth infection.

2024 global mean lake surface water temperature (LSWT) was 0.3 °C greater than the 2001–2023 average, the fourth highest on record. Particularly strong positive — and record-breaking — LSWT anomalies occurred throughout Canada and north-eastern Europe, in some cases exceeding 2 °C.

A stretchable anode, cathode, semiconductor and current collector have been developed to create stretchable diodes that can operate at megahertz frequencies for use in wirelessly operated, skin-like wearable electronics.

Fan and colleagues show that circular RNA circPan3 controls expression of the cytokine receptor IL-13Rα1 on intestinal stem cells and, thus, the renewal of those cells in response to IL-13 derived from group 2 innate lymphoid cells.

Disulfiram is an FDA-approved drug for treating alcoholism. Wu and colleagues show that disulfiram can be repurposed to efficiently inhibit pyroptosis by specifically blocking gasdermin-mediated pore formation.

Gate-tunable heterojunction diodes—or triodes—that are based on van der Waals heterostructures formed from two-dimensional indium selenide and three-dimensional silicon can exhibit subthreshold slopes of 6.4 mV decade^–1 and on-state current densities of 0.3 µA µm^–1 at a drain bias of –1 V.

Zhu et al. show that the long noncoding RNA lncGata6 enhances Wnt signalling in intestinal stem cells by recruiting the NURF remodelling complex onto the Ehf promoter and initiating its transcription, which triggers expression of Lgr4/5.

Changes in DNA methylation during mammalian spermatogenesis are poorly understood. The authors show that the content of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, a stable intermediate of DNA demethylation, changes dynamically during mouse spermatogenesis and is associated with functional genomic regions and transcription.

Flexible, stable and energy-dense solid-state Li–air batteries are realised using ultrathin, chemically inert ion-conductive zeolite membranes as a solid electrolyte.

Embryonic stem cell pluripotency depends upon precise regulation by a core transcription network. Here the authors show that polyglutamylation mediated stabilization of the transcription factor Klf4 by TTLL1 and TTLL4 promotes reprogramming, pluripotency and preimplantation embryonic development.

Direct methanol fuel cells are promising for clean, sustainable energy, but catalysts should be optimized. Here the authors construct ultrathin nanoframes with rich crystalline defects to increase electrocatalytic activity of gold for methanol oxidation, which is surprisingly promoted by carbon monoxide.

Single-atom catalysts are receiving much attention, but insights into their active sites or the differences in reactivity with conventional nanoparticles are still controversial. Now, operando studies on CO oxidation with Ir/MgAl₂O₄ accompanied by computational investigations reveal important features of this class of catalyst.

Haematopoiesis and the generation of lymphoid cell subsets are controlled by delicate genetic programs enforced via epigenetic regulation. Here the authors show that Pcid2 interacts with ZNHIT1, a component of the SRCAP chromatin remodelling complex, to critically modulate the differentiation of multipotent progenitors.

The Sequencing Quality Control (SEQC) consortium shows that junction discovery and differential gene expression profiling with RNA-seq can be robust but transcript-level and absolute measurements remain challenging.