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Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production faces challenges in creating robust anodes that resist corrosion. Here, the authors report a PW₁₂-polyoxometalate-modified CoFe hydroxide anode that achieves selective and durable seawater oxidation over 1300 hours at 1 A cm⁻².

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from computed tomography could significantly contribute to guiding lung cancer surgery, but requires comprehensive clinical validation. Here, the authors test the effectiveness of an AI-driven 3D reconstruction system for lung cancer surgery in a retrospective, multi-center, multi-reader, multi-case study.

Thin films of halide perovskites are promising for solar cell technology but they do not perform well at the band edge due to the low optical absorption. Herein, Chen et al. fabricate a high efficiency single crystal perovskite solar cell with thicker single crystals to harvest the below-bandgap photons.

This study shows how auditory cortex activation and cognitive function develop during a six-month follow-up after gene therapy in children with congenital deafness.

Zheng and colleagues report that targeting both the death domain and the paracaspase domain of MALT1 with antisense oligonucleotides sensitizes resistant tumors to immune-checkpoint inhibition.

Memory T cells are particularly reliant on fatty acid oxidation as a source of energy. Here the authors show this reliance is controlled by AMPK sensing of glucose deprivation that triggers SENP1-Sirt3 signalling, driving fatty acid oxidation and memory differentiation in T cells via deacetylation of YME1L1 to induce mitochondrial fusion.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of three Allium crops (onion, garlic and Welsh onion) and spatial RNA sequencing provide insights into Allium trait evolution and gene expression patterns during onion bulb formation.

Transparent conductive electrodes are widely used in modern optoelectronic devices, but they are rarely transparent in the near-infrared, limiting their use. Nanostructured bismuth selenide, a topological insulator, is now shown to be a flexible near-infrared transparent electrode.

Subsoils are vital for ecosystem sustainability due to their nutrient stocks and microbial diversity. This study across 40 agricultural sites in China found that, compared with topsoils, subsoils are more sensitive and variable under disturbance, highlighting the need to manage both layers in sustainability efforts.

Phenomena that bridge magnetism and extremely large magnetoresistance in materials have the potential to expand fundamental research towards practical technological innovations. The authors synthesize Fe-Ge single crystal demonstrating high temperature ferromagnetism and magnetoresistance. These results disclose novel pathways to implement advanced spintronic devices.

Brassica oleracea is plant species comprising economically important vegetable crops. Here, the authors report the draft genome sequence of B. oleracea and, through a comparative analysis with the closely related B. rapa, reveal insights into Brassicaevolution and divergence of interspecific genomes and intraspecific subgenomes.

An interim analysis of a single-arm trial in 5 children with hereditary deafness shows that binaural AAV gene therapy is safe and leads to hearing improvement up to 13–26 weeks of follow-up.

The identification of genes that control economically important traits is an essential step towards crop improvement. Here the authors sequence the genome of the wild soybean and, through a combined genetic and functional approach, identify a new gene affecting salt tolerance in soybean.

Pei et al. show that rhythmic redox signalling controls CLOCK through endogenous H₂O₂ oscillations via reversible oxidative modifications, and that p66^Shc modulates the rhythm of H₂O₂ levels.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Ulcerative colitis is associated with increased infiltration and cellularity, yet the precise tissue topology remains poorly understood. Here the authors employ imaging mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing to characterise intestinal lesions in patients with ulcerative colitis, and show the architecture at the individual cell level which includes a decrease in the resident macrophage population.

Multi-omic analysis of 100 clear cell renal cell carcinomas identifies four transcriptomic subgroups (IM1–IM4). IM4 is a high-risk subtype characterized by specific metabolic changes and a loss of lipid droplets.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

The analysis of biomolecular frustration yielded insights into several aspects of protein behavior. Here the authors describe a framework to efficiently quantify and localize biomolecular frustration within proteins at atomic resolution, and observe that drug specificity is correlated with a minimally frustrated binding pocket leading to a funneled binding landscape.

Pyrochlore iridates have been studied for their potential to explore novel phases due to the interplay of correlations, spin-orbit interaction, and more recently dimensionality. Here the authors report a chiral spin-liquid-like state in (111)-oriented Y₂Ir₂O₇ thin films which emerges at a reduced thickness.

The early signalling events following ethylene perception by plants remain incompletely understood. Here the authors show that in the absence of ethylene, rice MHZ3, a known stabilizer of OsEIN2, promotes phosphorylation of OsCTR2 to suppress ethylene signalling.

The oncogenic activity of Hexokinase 2, the first rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, requires its mitochondrial localization. Here, the authors show that SUMOylation of hexokinase 2 disrupts its binding to mitochondria and protects cells from tumorigenesis in prostate cancer.

Agricultural land-use change affects belowground biodiversity. Here, the authors compare soil microbial communities from natural ecosystems and agricultural systems, finding that agricultural conversion leads to taxonomic and functional homogenisation.

Reactive chiral systems have attracted much attention in biology, optoelectronics, and photonics; however, a comprehensive understanding of these systems remains incomplete. Here the authors show the reversible chirality of AuAg_x-cys coordination polymers induced by pH changes.

China operates a national surveillance program for acute respiratory infections and sampled over 200,000 patients between 2009–2019. Here, the authors present results from this program and describe patterns by age, pathogen type, presence of pneumonia, and season.

Analysis of 43,191 genomes obtained from publicly available marine bacterial and archaeal metagenome data provides insights into marine bacterial evolution, CRISPR–Cas defence and antibiotic resistance genes, and demonstrates the potential of marine metagenomes for biotechnological applications.

The authors identify a GYF domain-containing protein MHZ9 in rice, which regulates ethylene signaling by directly binding to OsEBF1/2 and other mRNAs thus regulating their translation efficiency in P-body via interacting with OsEIN2.

Heterogeneity in gene expression and epigenetic states exists across individual cells. Here, the authors develop scCAT-seq, a technique for simultaneously performing ATAC-seq and RNA-seq within the same single cell.

Gut microbiome has been linked to neurogenerative diseases. Here, the authors present a metagenome-wide association study of schizophrenia (SZ) in human cohorts and identify SZ-associated specific gut-brain functional modules and pathways including SCFAs and neurotransmitters.

Here the authors characterize a monoclonal antibody from a COVID-19 convalescent patient that interferes with SARS-CoV-2 spike binding to ACE2 and has prophylactic and therapeutic activity in non-human primates. Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection is prevented by mutating the Fc region of the antibody.

Whether the female reproductive tract harbours distinct microbiomes beyond the vagina has been a matter of debate. Here, the authors show a subject-specific continuity in microbial communities at six sites along the female reproductive tract, indicative of a non-sterile environment.

Addition of a multifunctional ionic additive in mixed two-dimensional–three-dimensional bromide/chloride perovskites enables efficient blue perovskite LEDs with external quantum efficiency of up to 21.4% and half-lifetime of 129 min at an initial luminance of 100 cd m^–2.

The authors create a rippled-assisted optoelectronic array (18 × 18 pixels) for the all-day motion detection and recognition, possessing negative and positive optical detection as well as memory and computation capabilities.

Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses in 3,432 Chinese individuals identify putative causal relationships between the gut microbiome and blood metabolite levels.

The existence of topological conducting surfaces on insulators has been demonstrated by angular photoemission spectroscopy, but the number of transport experiments on these systems have so far been scarce. Transport evidence of topological surface states is now shown in Bi₂Se₃ nanoribbons through the observation of Aharonov–Bohm oscillations.

The off-target effects of any CRISPR-based genome editor are identified with Tracking-seq.

Liu et al. investigate sex-specific associations between DNA methylation and serum urate levels before and after BCG vaccination. They identify distinct epigenetic signatures linked to urate levels in males and females, offering insights for personalized approaches to urate-related disease management.