Search

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

Shao et al. developed an MRI–pathology-based foundation model to assess the pathology of prostate cancer for diagnosis and grading of tumors. The model is noninvasive and outperforms current pathological assessments.

Here, Ni-anchored Ru/RuO₂ heterostructure nanosheets serve as CO-tolerant hydrogen oxidation catalyst delivering a peak power density of 1.76 W cm^-2, along with long-term stability in an alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell operating under H₂/Air conditions.

This study reports a complete photonic neuron integrated on a silicon-nitride chip, enabling ultrafast all-optical computing with nonlinear multi-kernel convolution for image recognition and motion generation.

Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) models to replace human decision-making in medical intervention need thorough testing. Here authors present the results of a clinical trial, NCT05600855, in which daGOAT, a conditional autonomous artificial intelligence agent successfully makes the decision whether to prescribe an immune suppressive drug to prevent severe acute graft-versus-host disease following HLA-mismatched haematopoietic cell transplantation.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

The authors integrate single-cell transcriptomic data with prior gene graphs to produce a biologically meaningful cell state manifold that can predict driver genes for genetic perturbations and differentiation events across diverse cell types.

Polymer semiconductors can be used for bionic devices, though balancing mechanical and functional properties is challenging. Here, the authors report a conjugated polymer semiconducting micromesh for an artificial optoelectronic synapse.

Wang and colleagues show that an AI-assisted designed peptide obstructs GSDMD pores and inhibits IL-1β and IL-18 release and pyroptosis.

Strategic carbon–nitrogen co-sequestration and fertilizer use were insufficient in northeastern China’s warming-vulnerable black soil, causing a loss of about 3.9 Mg carbon per hectare of soil organic carbon from 1980 to 2010, based on 721 soil samples across northern China.

Limited improvement of systemic therapy has been achieved in first line treatment for advanced Biliary tract cancer (BTC). In this randomized phase 2 trial on BTC, the combination of sintilimab, anlotinib, and gemcitabine/cisplatin demonstrated an improvement in progression - free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) while reducing the risk of disease progression compared to chemotherapy monotherapy.

Going from model development to a pilot implementation study, a deep learning model shows that acute aortic syndrome can be diagnosed directly from noncontrast CT, increasing accuracy and decreasing time to diagnosis.

The authors present a simplified-architecture radar that uses information metasurfaces for direct generation and dechirp compression of radar signals in the RF domain, enabling full-chain reconfigurability without using extensive RF hardware and high-speed digitization.

Kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide. Cao et al. perform a cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of the condition, identifying risk loci and potential causal variants, and construct a cross-population polygenic risk score.

High-resolution FAST observations of a very-high-velocity cloud in the warm neutral medium reveal a network of hierarchical filaments formed by shock compression. These findings suggest a viable mechanism for early structure formation in the interstellar medium.

Zhang et al. present a universal method for growing 2D perovskite nanowires, which exhibits 1D anisotropic growth driven by directional noncovalent intermolecular interactions among organic spacer cations. Both weak and strong exciton-photon coupling in 2D perovskite nanowires are achieved.

Mitophagy is crucial for mitochondrial function and is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors introduce an AI-assisted fluorescence microscopy system to track mitophagic intermediates in live cells and identify Y040-7904, a potential modulator that enhances mitophagy and reduces amyloid-β pathologies.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Polyamide (PA) nanofiltration membranes are widely employed in separation processes, yet achieving an optimal balance between permeance and selectivity remains challenging. Here the authors report a functional monomer to enable fine-tuning of the PA sub-nanometer pore architecture and its specific binding affinity with water molecules and ions.

Photosynthesis remains a major challenge in artificial systems due to undesired charge recombination and inefficient carrier utilization. Here, the authors report a hexavalent supermicroporous covalent organic framework for efficient photosynthesis of H2O2 from water and air.

Here, Xian et al. use phosphoproteomics to identify that the Shigella effector OspG interacts with a regulator of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases to promote the ubiquitination of septins and consequent inhibition of septin cage formation.

The efficacy of anticancer gene therapy varies by the delivery efficiency of the mRNA cargo as well as their injection method. Here this group reports using LNP-delivered mRNA encoding 3 C protease treated on three different types of solid tumor models showing effective tumor growth inhibition, with three different injection methods, respectively.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is an important but not exclusive proinflammatory mediator in macrophages. Here authors show that IFN-γ-independent macrophage autoactivation involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which in turn induces the GTP-binding protein Septin2 to limit inflammation via a negative feedback loop.

CIGS is a high-resolution dataset comprising chemical perturbation-induced 319,045,108 gene expression events.

Although aryl triflates are essential building blocks in organic synthesis, the applications as aryl radical precursors are limited. Here, the authors report an organomediated electrochemical strategy for the generation of aryl radicals from aryl triflates, providing a method for the synthesis of aryl sulfonyl fluorides from feedstock phenol derivatives under very mild conditions.

A strategy with donor–acceptor covalent organic frameworks enhances photocatalysis by harnessing both singlet and triplet states, enabling metal-free, co-catalyst-free and sacrificial donor-free red-light-driven organic transformations with high efficiency.

Sun and colleagues describe that the secretion of interleukin-33 is dependent on a p40 N-terminal fragment of gasdermin D, whose generation is independent of inflammatory caspase-1 and caspase-11.

Although transition metal-catalyzed C–H bond functionalization is a widely used method in organic synthesis, many methods rely on metals of low abundance. Here, the authors report a copper-catalyzed, asymmetric C–H arylation using diaryliodonium salts.

In a large multinational cohort study, maternal, gestational or pregestational diabetes was associated with only a small-to-moderate risk of ADHD in offspring, contrary to previous estimates that showed stronger effect sizes, attributing the differences in findings to confounding by shared genetic and familial factors.

LYCHOS is a lysosome-localized cholesterol sensor involved in mTORC1 activity regulation. Here, the authors report the three-dimensional structure of LYCHOS bound to cholesterols, revealing the recognition mechanism for this molecule.

In a multicenter randomized phase 3 trial, stapokibart, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets IL-4R alpha, significantly improved daily nasal and ocular symptom scores during the pollen phase in patients with moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis.

In situ profiling of lysosomal proteomes is impeded by the acidic and digestive environment of lysosomes. Now, a bioorthogonal photocatalytic system (CAT-Lyso) is developed that is compatible with these conditions, enabling the proximity labelling of lysosomal proteomes within living cells.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) is a neurotransmitter receptor receiving signals from the central nervous system. Here authors show a non-neuronal, tumour-autonomous role for mGluR4 in suppressing dendritic cell maturation and function in multiple murine cancers, and that inhibiting mGluR4 chemically by Forskolin or via genomic deletion enhances the immune response against tumours.

The reactivity of ketenes is limited to the conventional [2+n] mode where the ketene is used as a 2 C synthon. Here, the authors present a suite of reactivity of a vinylogous [4+n] cyclization mode of ketenes besides the conventional one, forming a variety of lactam type azacycles.

Preventing the strain-induced delamination between the module and the substrate has been a critical challenge. The authors developed a stretchable packaging substrate that enables stable module/substrate interfaces under large deformation, preventing the interfacial delamination of stretchable electronics.

The impact of mercury (Hg) mitigation on microbe-mediated greenhouse gas (GHG) dynamics remains elusive. In this Perspective, the authors fill this gap by synthesizing fragmented evidence on the Hg-microbe-GHG nexus, proposing a roadmap to align Hg mitigation with climate action.

Current methods to subtype brain tumors rely on invasive biopsies. Here, the authors develop a digital platform to regeneratively convert and catalytically enhance signals from rare circulating RNAs for blood-based characterization of brain tumors.

Shao, Li, Liu et al. identify the GAS6–ATF3 axis as a central regulator of survival and proliferation of protective resident MerTK⁺ cardiac macrophages and show that GAS6 administration improves cardiac repair after ischemic–reperfusion injury in mice in an ATF3-dependent manner.

Electrocardiogram is crucial for cardiovascular disease prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Here, the authors present a motion-unrestricted dynamic electrocardiogram system utilizing skin-conformal, imperceptible electronics for long-term, comfortable, and accurate 12-lead monitoring.

Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), an enzyme in fatty acid metabolism, was identified as a negative regulator of the noncanonical inflammasome. ATGL binds to lipopolysaccharide and catalyzes the hydrolysis of fatty acid side chains blocking inflammasome activation.

The germline is established during embryogenesis when primordial germ cells are first specified. Here they show that the RNA-binding proteins DND1 and NANOS3 function together to repress the translation of SOX4, restricting the germ cell lineage specification during embryonic development.

An RNA codon-expansion strategy enables incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins of interest orthogonally to existing methods by inserting pseudouridine codons into specific mRNA transcripts and using an engineered decoder tRNA.

Rechargeable aqueous batteries are attractive owing to their relatively low cost and safety. Here the authors report an aqueous zinc/manganese oxide battery that operates via a conversion reaction mechanism and exhibits a long-term cycling stability.