Anode-free lithium-metal and lithium–sulfur batteries offer high energy density and simplified manufacturing, but drawbacks such as lithium loss and interfacial instability limit their viability as next-generation energy storage systems. This Review examines failure mechanisms and strategies to improve performance as well as scalability challenges.
- Kassie Nigus Shitaw
- Yosef Nikodimos
- Bing Joe Hwang
