Table 2 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for gallbladder cancer in relation to reproductive factors by biliary stone status

From: Reproductive factors and risks of biliary tract cancers and stones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China

 

Without biliary stones

With biliary stones

   

Reproductive factors

Controls a

Cases a

OR b

(95% CI) b

P- value b

Controls a

Cases a

OR b

(95% CI) b

P- value b

OR c

(95% CI) c

P- value c

Total

422

36

—

—

 

123

233

—

—

    

Parity

 0

11

2

—

—

 

5

2

—

—

 

—

—

 

 1

67

10

1

Reference

 

13

16

1

Reference

 

1

Reference

 

 2

104

4

—

—

 

20

39

2.02

(0.77–5.31)

 

1.77

(0.64–4.87)

 

 3 (⩾3 for no stones)

240

20

1.21

(0.25–5.84)

 

33

43

1.35

(0.52–3.49)

 

1.23

(0.44–3.43)

 

 4

—

—

—

—

 

21

53

2.89

(1.02–8.23)

 

2.55

(0.81–8.05)

 

 5

—

—

—

—

 

17

42

2.86

(0.95–8.62)

 

2.38

(0.69–8.15)

 

 ⩾6

—

—

—

—

 

14

37

2.99

(0.93–9.65)

 

2.43

(0.65–9.07)

 

P-trendd

  

—

—

0.57

  

—

—

0.03

—

—

0.16

P-interaction

         

0.09

   

Age at first birth (years) e

 ⩾27

112

9

1

Reference

 

32

36

1

Reference

 

1

Reference

 

 24–26

84

10

1.83

(0.66–5.06)

 

21

39

1.77

(0.84–3.71)

 

1.74

(0.81–3.76)

 

 21–23

100

9

1.21

(0.39–3.82)

 

28

74

2.56

(1.28–5.13)

 

2.36

(1.12–4.99)

 

 ⩽20

115

6

0.59

(0.16–2.22)

 

36

81

1.96

(0.97–3.95)

 

1.86

(0.84–4.15)

 

P-trendd

    

0.39

    

0.06

  

0.13

P-interaction

         

0.07

   

Age at menarche (years)

 ⩽13

79

5

1

Reference

 

31

26

1

Reference

 

1

Reference

 

 14–15

149

11

1.10

(0.35–3.43)

 

44

87

2.29

(1.20–4.40)

 

2.20

(1.12–4.29)

 

 16–17

136

12

1.32

(0.43–4.03)

 

34

83

2.71

(1.37–5.33)

 

2.60

(1.29–5.24)

 

 ⩾18

58

8

2.33

(0.67–8.14)

 

14

33

2.61

(1.12–6.09)

 

2.28

(0.96–5.39)

 

P-trendd

    

0.17

    

0.02

  

0.04

P-interaction

         

0.86

   

Parity and age at first birth (years)

 0–1 and ⩾24

—

—

—

—

 

10

14

1

Reference

 

—

—

 

 2–3 and ⩾24

—

—

—

—

 

31

43

1.47

(0.52–4.16)

 

—

—

 

 ⩾4 and ⩾24

—

—

—

—

 

12

18

1.86

(0.49–6.94)

 

—

—

 

 0–1 and ⩽23

—

—

—

—

 

2

2

—

—

    

 2–3 and ⩽23

—

—

—

—

 

22

39

1.77

(0.59–5.20)

 

—

—

 

 ⩾4 and ⩽23

—

—

—

—

 

40

114

3.26

(1.06–10.03)

 

—

—

 

Parity and age at menarche (years)

 0–1 and ⩽15

—

—

—

—

 

12

12

1

Reference

 

—

—

 

 2–3 and ⩽15

—

—

—

—

 

37

44

1.48

(0.49–4.40)

 

—

—

 

 ⩾4 and ⩽15

—

—

—

—

 

26

57

3.19

(0.95–10.69)

 

—

—

 

 0–1 and ⩾16

—

—

—

—

 

6

6

1.12

(0.21–6.09)

 

—

—

 

 2–3 and ⩾16

—

—

—

—

 

16

36

2.56

(0.79–8.21)

 

—

—

 

 ⩾4 and ⩾16

—

—

—

—

 

26

74

4.01

(1.19–13.58)

 

—

—

 
  1. aGallbladder cancer cases compared with population controls with a gallbladder (n=545).
  2. bAdjusted for age (continuous), education and body mass index.
  3. cFurther adjusted for age first birth (continuous), age menarche (continuous) and parity; each factor is not self-adjusted.
  4. dLinear test of trend using continuous variable.
  5. eAmong women with at least one full-term birth (n=568 controls).
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