Table 1 Selected characteristics of study subjects by case–control status

From: Diabetes in relation to biliary tract cancer and stones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China

 

Population controls

Biliary tract cancers

 
 

All

Gallbladder a

Extrahepatic bile duct b

Ampulla of Vater b

Biliary tract stones c

 

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Total

959 (100)

368 (100)

191 (100)

68 (100)

1037 (100)

Age at interview

 34–49

71 (7.4)

29 (7.9)

18 (9.4)

4 (5.9)

200 (19.3)

 50–64

326 (34.0)

116 (31.5)

59 (30.9)

22 (32.4)

405 (39.1)

 65–74

562 (58.6)

223 (60.6)

114 (59.6)

42 (61.7)

432 (41.6)

Gender

 Male

373 (38.9)

99 (26.9)

99 (51.8)

37 (54.4)

390 (37.6)

 Female

586 (61.1)

269 (73.1)

92 (48.2)

31 (45.6)

647 (62.4)

Education

 None/primary

396 (41.3)

198 (53.8)

86 (45.0)

29 (42.7)

317 (30.6)

 Middle/high school

423 (44.1)

129 (35.1)

74 (38.7)

31 (45.6)

537 (51.8)

 College or higher

140 (14.6)

41 (11.1)

31 (16.2)

8 (11.7)

183 (17.6)

Smoking d

 No

674 (70.3)

278 (75.8)

115 (60.2)

38 (55.9)

754 (72.7)

 Yes

285 (29.7)

89 (24.2)

76 (39.8)

30 (44.1)

283 (27.3)

Alcohol use e

 No

760 (79.3)

316 (85.9)

141 (73.8)

53 (77.9)

869 (83.9)

 Yes

198 (20.7)

52 (14.1)

50 (26.2)

15 (22.1)

167 (16.1)

Body mass index f

 <18.5

79 (8.3)

17 (4.7)

8 (4.2)

1 (1.47)

44 (4.3)

 18.5–22.9

404 (42.2)

130 (35.6)

86 (45.5)

29 (42.7)

350 (33.8)

 23.0–24.9

197 (20.5)

73 (20.0)

49 (25.9)

15 (22.1)

259 (25.0)

 ⩾25.0

278 (29.0)

145 (39.7)

46 (24.3)

23 (33.8)

382 (36.9)

Waist-to-hip ratio g

 ⩽0.81

238 (24.8)

38 (12.2)

21 (13.9)

10 (16.1)

163 (16.0)

 0.81–0.852

234 (24.4)

48 (15.4)

24 (15.9)

10 (16.1)

200 (19.7)

 0.853–0.897

249 (26.0)

93 (29.8)

40 (26.5)

15 (24.2)

272 (26.8)

 >0.897

238 (24.8)

133 (42.6)

66 (43.7)

27 (43.6)

382 (37.6)

Selected medical history

 Diabetes mellitus

No

881 (91.9)

316 (86.1)

171 (89.5)

63 (92.7)

925 (89.3)

Yes

78 (8.1)

51 (13.9)

20 (10.5)

5 (7.3)

111 (10.7)

 Hypertension

No

553 (57.7)

230 (62.5)

130 (68.1)

48 (70.6)

695 (67.0)

Yes

406 (42.3)

138 (37.5)

61 (31.9)

20 (29.4)

342 (33.0)

 Gallstones

No

735 (76.6)

60 (16.3)

64 (33.5)

32 (47.1)

0 (0.0)

Yes

224 (23.4)

308 (83.7)

127 (66.5)

36 (52.9)

1037 (100.0)

 Triglyceridesh (mmol l−1)

<1.7

635 (74.0)

150 (56.8)

52 (36.9)

30 (54.6)

637 (64.9)

⩾1.7

223 (26.0)

114 (43.2)

89 (63.1)

25 (45)

344 (35.1)

 HDLh (mmol l−1)

<1.04

292 (34.0)

206 (78.0)

114 (81.4)

46 (83.6)

603 (61.5)

⩾1.04

566 (66.0)

58 (23.0)

26 (18.6)

9 (16.4)

378 (38.5)

 LDLh (mmol l−1)

<4.14

776 (90.6)

231 (87.5)

117 (83.0)

44 (80.0)

904 (92.7)

⩾4.14

81 (9.4)

33 (12.5)

24 (17.0)

11 (20.0)

71 (7.3)

  1. Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
  2. aGallbladder cancer cases were compared with population controls without history of previous cholecystectomy (n=902).
  3. bAmpulla of Vater and extrahepatic bile duct cancer cases were compared with all population control (n=959).
  4. cBiliary stone cases were compared with controls without biliary stones (n=735).
  5. dEver smoked at least one cigarette per day for 6 months or longer.
  6. eEver drank alcoholic beverages regularly.
  7. fBMI=weight (kg)/height (m)2 5 years before interview. Categories on the basis of WHO classification for Asians.
  8. gMeasured at interview, quartile cutoff points were based on distribution among population controls without history of previous cholecystectomy.
  9. hCutoff on the basis of the Joint Committee for Developing Chinese Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults.
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