Table 3 Mediation of the effect of diabetes mellitus^a on biliary tract cancers and stones through HDL, LDL, total triglycerides, and gallstones

	Biliary stones		Gallbladder cancer
	Percent mediated ^b	P -value ^c	Percent mediated ^b	P -value ^c
Mediators in single mediation models ^d
HDL	17.6%	0.02	22.3%	0.03
LDL	NA^e	0.51	NA^e	0.57
Total triglycerides	NA^e	0.09	NA^e	0.10
Biliary stones	NA^f	NA^f	44.3%	<0.0001
Mediators in multiple mediation model ^g
HDL			16.5%	0.03
HDL to biliary stones			5.6%	<0.0001
Biliary stones			54.8%	0.02
Total mediated effects^h			76.9%	<0.0001

Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
^aSelf-reported diabetes.
^bPercent of total diabetes effect that is mediated.
^cCalculated using 5000 bootstrap samples.
^dCalculated using structural equation modelling.
^eNot applicable because the pathway is not significant.
^fNot applicable because biliary stones is the outcome.
^gCalculated using structural equation modelling. HDL adjusted for biliary stones, and vice versa.
^hSum of percent mediated by different mediators.

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