Table 1 Relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and histological necrosis

		Necrosis
Characteristics	No. of patients	Presence	Absence	P
Age, years
<60	123	75	48
⩾60	225	148	77	0.414
Sex
Male	206	143	63
Female	142	80	62	0.017
Localisation
Pancreas head	228	147	81
Pancreas body or tail	109	70	39	1.000
Size (mm)
<30	83	42	41
⩾30	265	181	84	0.004
Pathologic tumour status
T1	6	1	5
T2	3	3	0
T3	339	219	120
T4	0	0	0	0.023 ^a
Pathologic node status
N0	64	33	31
N1	284	190	94	0.030
Pathologic metastasis status
M0	310	193	117
M1	38	30	8	0.049
Stage
IA	3	0	3
IB	2	2	0
IIA	59	31	28
IIB	246	160	86
III	0	0	0
IV	38	30	8	0.009 ^a
Tumour histological grade ^b
W/D	90	41	49
M/D	181	122	59
P/D	77	60	17	<0.0001 ^a
Tumour margin status
Negative	249	166	82
Positive	100	57	43	0.085
Nerve plexus invasion ^b
Absence	112	65	47
Presence	236	158	78	0.120
Lymphatic invasion ^b
0, 1	102	58	44
2, 3	246	165	81	0.086
Venous invasion ^b
0, 1	124	63	61
2, 3	224	160	64	0.0002
Intrapancreatic neural invasion ^b
0, 1	141	86	55
2, 3	207	137	70	0.363
Recurrent site ^c
Local	54	39	15
Distant sites	198	134	64	0.620
Expression of CAIX in cancer cells ^d
Absence	114	69	45
Presence	89	63	26	0.143
Expression of CAIX in stromal cells ^d
Absence	74	31	43
Presence	129	101	28	<0.0001
Total	348	223	125

Abbreviations: CAIX=carbonic anhydrase IX; M/D=moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; P/D=poorly differentaited adenocarcinoma; W/D=well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.
^aComparisons of qualitative variables are performed using the χ² test, and otherwise by Fisher’s exact test.
^bClassified according to the classification of pancreatic carcinoma of Japan Pancreas Society.
^cNumber of patients with tumour recurrence was 252.
^dNumber of patients used in the immunohistochemical analysis was 203. Statistically significant in bold values.

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