Table 1 Mid-parent value (\(\overline{P}\)=(P1+P2)/2), and performance of generations F₁ and F₂ averaged over both reciprocal forms (\(\overline{F1}\), \(\overline{F2}\)) as well as relative mid-parent heterosis (MPH) and best-parent heterosis (BPH) for six traits in five hybrids of A. thaliana

From: Heterosis for biomass yield and related traits in five hybrids of Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh

Generation	Hybrid
	C24 × Aa-0	C24 × Ws-2	Ws-2 × Col-0	Col-0 × C24	Col-0 × Wei-0	Mean
Flowering date (days)
\(\overline{P}\)	29.5^a	27.6^a	24.9^a	29.6^a	25.4^a	27.4^a
\(\overline{F1}\)	44.8^b	37.0^b	23.8^a	47.0^b	24.7^a	35.5^b
\(\overline{F2}\)	42.1^b	39.3^b	25.8^a	38.7^b	26.3^a	34.4^b
MPH^d	52.0^**	33.8^**	−4.4	58.9^**	−2.7	27.5^**
BPH^e	43.9^**	15.7^**	−9.2	48.0^**	−6.2	18.5^**
Rosette diameter (cm)
\(\overline{P}\)	6.97^a	7.64^a	6.88^a	8.68^a	8.20^a	7.67^a
\(\overline{F1}\)	12.33^b	14.07^b	7.02^a	14.69^b	9.39^b	11.50^b
\(\overline{F2}\)	11.26^b	10.43^c	8.04^a	10.69^c	9.04^b	9.90^c
MPH^d	76.9^**	84.2^**	2.1	69.2^**	14.5^**	49.4^**
BPH^e	72.2^**	48.4^**	−10.1	60.7^**	2.6	34.8^**
Biomass yield (g per 10 plants)
\(\overline{P}\)	4.31^a	8.15^a	7.49^a	6.99^a	6.73^a	6.74^a
\(\overline{F1}\)	10.35^b	12.61^b	7.88^a	11.21^b	9.51^b	10.31^b
\(\overline{F2}\)	10.27^b	7.62^a	8.56^a	6.82^a	7.93^b	8.24^c
MPH^d	140.1^**	54.7^**	5.2	60.4^**	41.3^**	60.3^**
BPH^e	121.6^**	6.0	−9.7	41.4^**	5.2	32.9^**
Seed yield (g per 10 plants)
\(\overline{P}\)	1.48^a	2.93^a	2.30^a	2.28^a	2.10^a	2.22^a
\(\overline{F1}\)	1.87^a	3.25^a	2.77^b	1.62^b	3.48^b	2.60^b
\(\overline{F2}\)	2.17^a	1.95^b	2.82^b	1.67^b	2.71^c	2.26^a
MPH^d	26.4	10.9	20.4^*	−29.0^**	65.7^**	18.9^**
BPH^e	12.0	−21.5^**	17.9	−34.7^**	34.9^**	1.7
1000-seed weight (mg)
\(\overline{P}\)	18.1^a	18.1^a	21.6^a	20.1^a	21.8^a	19.9^a
\(\overline{F1}\)	20.9^b	18.6^a	16.8^b	19.3^b	18.4^b	18.8^b
\(\overline{F2}\)	20.3^b	18.6^a	18.4^b	20.3^b	19.0^b	19.3^b
MPH^d	15.5^**	2.8	−22.2^**	−4.0	−15.6^**	−4.7^**
BPH^e	10.6	−6.9	−33.7^**	−5.5	−19.7^**	−11.0^**
No. seeds per plant (10³)
\(\overline{P}\)	7.85^a	15.89^a	11.09^a	11.26^a	9.46^a	11.11^a
\(\overline{F1}\)	8.88^a	18.28^a	15.91^b	9.12^a	18.39^b	14.12^b
\(\overline{F2}\)	10.17^a	9.24^b	15.27^b	7.72^a	14.34^c	11.35^a
MPH^d	13.1	15.0	43.5^**	−19.0	94.4^**	29.4^**
BPH^e	−4.8	−12.8	20.8	−25.9^*	66.0^**	8.6

^{*, **}significant at P=0.05 and 0.01, respectively.
^{a, b, c}Generation means (\(\overline{P1}\),\(\overline{F1}\),\(\overline{F2}\)) followed by a common letter are not significantly different at P=0.05 using a protected LSD.
^dMPH = 100 × (\(\overline{F1}\) − \(\overline{P}\))/\(\overline{P}\), but the significance test refers to absolute mid-parent heterosis (AMPH).
^eBPH=100 × (\(\overline{F1}\) −P_max)/P_max, where P_max refers to the higher performing parent and the significance test refers to absolute best-parent heterosis (ABPH).

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Table 1 Mid-parent value (\(\overline{P}\)=(P1+P2)/2), and performance of generations F₁ and F₂ averaged over both reciprocal forms (\(\overline{F1}\), \(\overline{F2}\)) as well as relative mid-parent heterosis (MPH) and best-parent heterosis (BPH) for six traits in five hybrids of A. thaliana

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