Table 1 Genetic variation among and within populations

		4t_op	Population differentiation ^a
			Within villages	Among villages	Among populations
Ear traits
Ear weight	(EW)	0.286	0.077	0.176	0.233
Ear width	(EW_i)	0.474	0.090	0.064	0.151
Overall grain weight	(GW)	0.274	0.071	0.099	0.159
Number of grain per ear	(NG)	0.326	0.055	0.198	0.221
Row number	(RN)	0.438	0.074	0.276	0.316
Number of grain per row	(NGR)	0.286	0.031	0.066	0.081
Kernel trait
Kernel thickness	(KT)	0.292	0.086	0.376	0.421
Kernel weight	(KW)	0.510	0.040	0.535	0.523
Cob traits
Cob weight	(CW)	0.659	0.053	0.314	0.327
Cob width	(CW_i)	0.646	0.099	0.232	0.307
Flowering traits
Days to anthesis	(DA)	1.488	0.056	0.085	0.130
Days to silking	(DS)	1.258	0.065	0.103	0.154
Anthesis silking interval	(ASI)	0.447	0.040	0.046	0.076
Morphological traits
Plant height	(PH)	1.084	0.051	0.012	0.062
Ear height	(EH)	1.115	0.029	0.040	0.060
Molecular markers
SSRs all loci			0.011	0.003	0.011

^aPopulation differentiation: F_st=θ for molecular markers and Q_st for quantitative traits.

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