Table 2 Select synthetic, natural and inorganic nanocarriers for controlled growth factor delivery in biomedical applications
From: Novel biomaterial strategies for controlled growth factor delivery for biomedical applications
NPs | GFs | Method | Biological effect | Biomedical applications | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Synthetic polymer NPs | VEGF, PDGF, bFGF | Double emulsion | The system allowed spatiotemporal control of GF release, which promoted angiogenesis | Cardiovascular regeneration | |
Chitosan coated-BSA NPs | BMP-2 | Modified desolvation | The chitosan coatings improved the stability of BSA NPs and realize the sustained release of BMP-2 for a long term | Bone regeneraiton | |
Heparin/chitosan/poly(γ-glutamic acid) NPs | FGF-2 | Polyelectrolyte complex | Approximately 85% of the bound FGF-2 was released from the polysaccharide-based NPs within 48 h. After 48 h, there was very little GF release up to 72 h | Ischemic tissue regeneration | |
Biopolymer- coated liposomes | FGF-2 | Modified emulsification- ultrasonication | The entrapment efficiency was 72 %, and the system realized the sustained release of EGF | Regenrative medicine application | |
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) | EGF | Emulsification ultrasonication based method | The EGF-NLC promoted wound healing associated with number of arranged microvasculature, fibroblast functions, collagen deposition in full-thickness excisional model | Wound healing | |
Inorganic NPs | EGF | Copre-cipitation | The system showed receptor-mediated targeted delivery and high diagnostic potency | Therapy of brain tumor | |
Chitosan- functionalized MSNs | BMP-2 | Templated sol-gel method | The initial burst release and following sustained release of BMP-2 is favorable to promote osteoblast differentiation and ectopic bone formation | Bone regeneration | |
Protein nanocapsules | VEGF | Aqueous assembly | The sustained released VEGF from nanocapsules resulted in enhanced vascular formation in vitro and in vivo | Angiogenesis | |
PLGA nanocapsules | BMP-2 | Free-radical polymerization | Compared to the direct use of native BMP-2, sustained release of BMP-2 from the nanocarriers successfully enhanced bone formation with better bone quality and reduced the side effects | Bone regeneraiton |
