Table 3 Relative risk of lung cancer, by markers of immunodeficiency at two different time periods before cancer diagnosis

	One to two years before lung cancer ^a						Within one year before lung cancer ^a
	Lung cancer		Controls				Lung cancer		Controls
	N	%	N	%	OR ^b (95% CI)	Smoking-adjusted OR ^c (95% CI)	N	%	N	%	OR ^b (95% CI)	Smoking-adjusted OR ^c (95% CI)
Overall	68		337				68		337
CD4+ cell count, cells per μl
⩾500	23	39.0	100	34.2	1	1	20	29.4	119	36.4	1	1
200–499	26	44.1	146	50.0	0.76 (0.41–1.43)	0.59 (0.30–1.16)	38	55.9	159	48.6	1.41 (0.78–2.54)	1.11 (0.59–2.10)
<200	10	16.9	46	15.8	0.96 (0.41–2.24)	0.97 (0.40–2.34)	10	14.7	49	15.0	1.21 (0.49–2.96)	1.19 (0.47–3.04)
Unknown	9		45				0		10
CD8+ cell count, cells per μl
⩾1000	28	47.5	122	41.9	1	1	26	38.2	132	40.4	1	1
500–999	25	42.4	128	44.0	0.84 (0.46–1.53)	1.05 (0.55–1.98)	35	51.5	156	47.7	1.15 (0.65–2.05)	1.11 (0.60–2.04)
<500	6	10.2	41	14.1	0.64 (0.25–1.67)	0.57 (0.20–1.58)	7	10.3	39	11.9	0.92 (0.37–2.29)	0.77 (0.30–1.97)
Unknown	9		46				0		10
CD4+/CD8+ ratio, %
⩾0.50	25	42.4	125	43.0	1	1	22	32.4	140	42.8	1	1
0.25–0.49	22	37.3	109	37.5	1.01 (0.53–1.90)	0.78 (0.39–1.55)	26	38.2	120	36.7	1.38 (0.74–2.57)	1.14 (0.58–2.23)
<0.25	12	20.3	57	19.6	1.07 (0.49–2.36)	0.92 (0.40–2.09)	20	29.4	67	20.5	2.15 (1.00–4.59)	2.12 (0.94–4.77)
Unknown	9		46				0		10
HIV viral load, copies per ml
<500	37	68.5	192	71.4	1	1	40	72.7	207	74.5	1	1
500–9999	12	22.2	36	13.4	1.79 (0.83–3.86)	2.05 (0.90–4.67)	8	14.5	37	13.3	1.15 (0.49–2.70)	1.27 (0.50–3.21)
⩾10 000	5	9.3	41	15.2	0.66 (0.24–1.79)	0.44 (0.15–1.29)	7	12.7	34	12.2	1.10 (0.44–2.75)	0.81 (0.32–2.07)
Unknown	14		68				13		59

Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; OR=odds ratio.
^aOr before the reference date in controls (see the ‘Materials and Methods’ section for definition).
^bConditioned upon matching variables.
^cConditioned upon matching variables and adjusted for smoking (never/former, current with <30 pack-years, current with ⩾30 pack-years, unknown).

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