Figure 3 | Cell Death & Disease

Figure 3

From: CTGF increases vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent angiogenesis in human synovial fibroblasts by increasing miR-210 expression

Figure 3

CTGF promotes VEGF production and angiogenesis through PI3K, AKT, ERK, and miR-210 pathways. (a) OASFs were incubated with CTGF (10 ng/ml) for indicated time intervals, miR-210 expression examined by qPCR. (b) OASFs were transfected with miR-210 mimic or inhibitor for 24 h followed by stimulation with CTGF for 24 h, VEGF expression rated by ELISA. (c and d) Medium collected as CM was applied to EPCs for 24 h. Capillary-like structure formation and migration in EPCs were examined by tube formation and Transwell assay. (e) OASFs were incubated with CTGF (10 ng/ml) for designated time intervals; P85, AKT, and ERK phosphorylation was examined by western blot analysis. (f) Cells were pretreated for 30 min with Ly294002 (10 μM), Wortmannin (1 μM), AKTi (10 μM), U0126 (10 μM), or PD98059 (10 μM) followed by stimulation with CTGF for 24 h. MiR-210 expression was examined by qPCR. (g) Cells pretreated for 30 min with Ly294002, Wortmannin, AKTi, U0126, or PD98059 were stimulated with CTGF for 24 h, VEGF expression examined by ELISA. (h and i) Medium collected as CM was applied to EPCs for 24 h, capillary-like structure formation and migration in EPCs examined by tube formation and Transwell assay. Results are expressed as mean±S.E.M. *P<0.05 compared with control; #P<0.05 compared with CTGF-treated group

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