Figure 7

Schematic diagram of signaling pathways involved in CTGF-induced VEGF expression and angiogenesis in human synovial fibroblasts. CTGF activates PI3K, AKT, ERK, and NF-κB/ELK1 pathway, leading to the upregulation of miR-210, contributing to inhibit the GPD1L expression and PHD2 activity, promoting the HIF-1α-dependent VEGF expression and angiogenesis in human synovial fibroblasts